Table 1.
The patient characteristics before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
| Characteristics | Number |
|---|---|
| Sex, male | 52 |
| Age, years | 56.0 (42.5, 71.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 (21.8, 26.1) |
| Medical History | |
| Hypertension | 25 |
| Diabetes | 22 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 3 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1 |
| Diagnosis, n (survivors) | |
| Acute cardiac failure | 42 (18) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 28 (10) |
| Pulmonary thromboembolism | 4 (3) |
| Unknown cardiac arrest | 3 (0) |
| Other* | 7 (5) |
| Refractory septic shock | 9 (3) |
| Neurogenic circulatory failure | 1 (0) |
| Acute respiratory failure | 13 (10) |
| Traumatic respiratory failure | 8 (8) |
| Sepsis related respiratory failure | 3 (1) |
| Neurogenic pulmonary edema | 1 (1) |
| Status asthmaticus | 1 (0) |
| Arrest, n (survivors) | 51 (17) |
| Out of hospital, n (survivors) | 35 (15) |
| ED, n (survivors) | 16 (2) |
| CPR time, min | 55 (20, 72) |
| CPR-related complications‡ | 22 (34 %) |
| E-CPR, n (survivors) | 35 (10) |
| Pre-ECMO laboratory findings | |
| pH | 7.09 (6.94, 7.23) |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 54.84 (28.9, 80.0) |
| CK-MB | 4.04 (1.80, 12.25) |
| Troponin-I | 0.1 (0.03, 0.86) |
| BUN | 15.4 (11.85, 20.85) |
| Creatinine | 1.20 (0.95, 1.40) |
| Total bilirubin | 0.87 (0.60, 1.38) |
| AST | 55.0 (32.5, 120.5) |
| ALT | 40.0 (24.0, 106.5) |
| Lactate | 8.75 (6.10, 12.73) |
| IABP | 10 |
| SOFA score | 13 (11, 14) |
| Pre-ECMO SAPS II | 88 (70, 97) |
| Door to ECMO time†, min | 93.0 (56.5, 182.0) |
| E-CPR | 62.0 (49.0, 95.0) |
| Veno-arterial | 157.0 (84.0, 348.0) |
| Veno-venous | 126.0 (102.0, 206.0) |
Continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range)
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ED emergency department, E-CPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, BUN blood urea nitrogen, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, IABP intraaortic balloon pump, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II
*Hypothermia, malignant arrhythmia, dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, commotio cordis, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture
†Door to ECMO time: the time from arrival at the ED to ECMO implantation
‡Hypoxic brain damage, hemothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, chest wall compartment syndrome, chylothorax