Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 17.
Published in final edited form as: Obes Surg. 2015 Feb;25(2):330–345. doi: 10.1007/s11695-014-1490-9

Table 1. Studies Examining Post-Operative Eating Behavior (n=21).

Study Bariatric procedure1 Sample2 Mean follow-up period Assessment measures/methods Weight loss at follow-up3 Predictors
Batsis et al. 2009 (A) RYGBP (B) Non-operative patients (A) 148(268); Mage=46±11, dor=45% (B) 88(273); Mage=44±13, dor=68% (A) 4.0±2.5 yrs. (B) 3.8±2.8 yrs. Medical records, standardized questionnaires %WL= (A) 31±11 (B) -0.2±23%EWL= (A) 59±21 (B) -2±57 Eating self-efficacy post-operatively was associated with greater weight loss.
Beck et al. 2012 RYGBP 45(67); 37 women, 8 men, Mage=43.6±9.16, dor=67% 23.2±4.4 mos. Standardized questionnaires, self-made questionnaires, self-reported weight %EBMIL=35.43±10.69 Binge eating predicted poorer weight loss outcomes.
Bueter et al. 2007 LAGB 71(85); 69 women, 16 men, Mage=40, dor=16% 27 mos. Interview, standardized questionnaire %EWL=43.2 Change in eating behaviors post-surgery predicted increased weight loss.
Burgmer et al. 2005 VBG and LAGB 118(149); 102 women, 47 men, Mage=38.8±10.3, dor=21% 14±1.5 mos. Standardized questionnaires, weight measurement BMIL=12.8 Lower post-operative ratings of disinhibited eating and hunger were associated with greater weight loss. Weight loss did not differ between those with and without binge episodes
Colles et al. 2008 LAGB 129(173); 103 women, 26 men, Mage =45.2±11.5, dor=25% 12 mos. Semistructured clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, self-made questionnaire %WL=20.8±8.5, %EWL=50.0±20.7 Uncontrolled eating and grazing predicted poorer weight loss 12-mos. post-surgery. Pre-surgery BED subjects were more likely to graze post-surgery.
de Man Lapidoth et al. 2011 RYGBP, LAGB, VBG, and BPDS 130(173); 102 women, 28 men, Mage=40.6±9.2, dor=25% 3 yrs. Standardized questionnaires, weight measurements NR Pre- and post-operative binge eating was not associated with weight loss.
de Zwaan et al. 2010 RYGBP 59(119); 50 women, 9 men, Mage=44.59±9.9, dor=50% 1.9±4 yrs. Structured interviews, height & weight measurements %BMIL=36.3±8.4, %EBMIL=73.9±19.3 Subjective binge episodes were significantly associated with pre-operative BED and with less weight loss.
Faria et al. 2009 RYGBP 75; 60 women, 15 men, Mage=36.8±10.7 23±10.3 mos. 4-day food intake record %EWL=67.5±18.8 Snack eating pattern associated with significantly worse weight loss outcome than normal eating.
Kinzl et al. 2006 LAGB 140(220); 140 women, Mage=44, dor=37% 50 mos. Semistructured interview, standardized questionnaires BMIL=14.6 Patients with no eating disordered behavior pre-operatively had the lowest BMI loss.
Kofman et al. 2010 RYGBP 497(695); 475 women, 22 men, Mage=43.2±8.4, dor=28% 4.2 yrs. Modified standardized questionnaires, self-reported weight %EWL=70 Frequency of binge-eating, loss of control when eating and grazing were significantly correlated with greater weight regain 3-10 years after surgery and lesser long-term EWL.
Lanyon et al. 2009 RYGBP 79(243); Mage=NR, dor=67% 3.2 yrs. Interview, standardized questionnaires, self-made questionnaires BMIL=0.15±3.68 Dysfunctional eating behaviors 1 year post-operatively associated with poorer weight loss at 3 years post-operatively.
Larsen et al. 2004 LAGB 250; 221 women, 29 men, Mage=39.6 16 and 42 mos. Standardized questionnaires, self-reported weight NR Binge eating, fat intake, and external eating all decreased significantly post-operatively. Restrained eating and eating self-efficacy were significantly higher post-operatively. Post-operative binge eaters demonstrated poorer weight loss outcomes, consumed more fat, endorsed more external eating, emotional eating, and had lower eating self-efficacy.
Latner et al. 2004 LAGB 65(150); 65 women, Mage=39.5, dor=57% 16.4 mos. Semistructured clinical interview, telephone follow-up interviews, standardized questionnaires %EBMIL=71 BED did not predict weight loss outcome.
Laurenius et al. 2012 RYGBP 43; 31 women, 12 men, Mage=42.6±9.7 12 mos. Standardized questionnaires, self-made questionnaire NR Emotional and uncontrolled eating were significantly decreased post-operatively.
Scholtz et al. 2007 LAGB 29(37); 28 women, 1 man, Mage=39±9, dor=22% 5 yrs. Standardized questionnaires %EWL<40%=24 (65%) patients Post-operative BED and predicted poorer weight outcome but pre-surgical BED did not.
Silver et al. 2006 RYGBP 140(212); 124 women, 16 men, Mage =45.2±9.9, dor=44% 24.2±7.9 mos. Self-made questionnaire, weight measurements %WL=55.8±15.2 Neither number of meals and snacks nor number of food groups avoided predicted weight loss.
Sioka et al. 2013 LSG 94(110); (A) 10; 7 women, 3 men, Mage=38.2 ± 10.76 (B) 11; 11 women Mage=38 ± 9.96 (C) 11; 7 women, 4 men, Mage=42.1 ± 10.9 (D) 39; 31 women, 8 men, Mage=39.56 ± 9.15 (E) 23; 19 women, 4 men, Mage=40.39 ± 9.68 dor=15% (A) <3 mos. (B) 3-6 mos. (C) 6-12 mos. (D) 12-24 mos. (E) 24-36 mos. Standardized questionnaires %EWL= (A) 31.7 ± 12.01 (B) 41.97 ± 8.97 (C) 59.43 ± 15.51 (D) 68.81 ± 19.3 (E) 62.73 ± 21.22 Post-operative eating pattern was significantly correlated with %EWL. Binge eating and emotional eating associated with lowest EWL, normal eating and snacking associated with highest EWL.
van Hout et al. 2007 VBG 91; 80 women, 11 men, Mage=38.6±8.3 12 mos. Semi-structured interview, standardized questionnaires, self-made questionnaires %EWL=61.5±27.5 Changes in restrained eating accounted for largest proportion of variance in predicting EWL. Less restrained eating associated with superior weight loss outcomes.
Wadden et al. 2011 RYGBP and LAGB (A) Surgery-BED: 36(51); 26 women, 10 men, Mage=47.0±1.6, dor=41% (B) Surgery-nonBED: 59(80); 49 women, 10 men, Mage=43.8±1.3, dor=36% (C) Non-surgery-BED: 49(51); 39 women, 10 men, Mage=43.8±1.4, dor=18% 12 mos. Semistructured interview, standardized questionnaires, weight measurements %WL= (A) 22.1±1.7 (B) 24.2±1.3 (C) 10.3±1.5 Pre-operative BED did not affect weight loss outcomes at 1 year. Presence of subjective binge eating did not impact weight loss at any timepoint.
White et al. 2010 RYGBP 361; 311 women, 50 men, Mage=43.7±10.0 12 and 24 mos. Standardized questionnaires, self-reported weight NR Pre-operative loss of control (LOC) eating did not predict postsurgical outcomes. Post-operatively, patients with LOC lost significantly less weight at 12 and 24 mo. follow-up.
Wolfe et al. 2006 RYGBP 93(194); 170 women, 24 men, Mage=42.1±10.4, dor=52% 78.4±35.7 weeks Self-made questionnaire, weight measurements NR Planning and self-monitoring of food intake was not related to BMI lost.
1

LAGB=laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, RYGBP=Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, LSG=laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, VBG=vertical banded gastroplasty, BPDS=biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

2

Sample presented as: post-operative N (pre-operative N, if relevant). DOR=percent lost to post-operative follow-up (if relevant). BED=binge eating disorder.

3

NR=not reported. All weight loss (WL) values in kilograms (kg). (%) EWL=(percent) excess weight lost. (%) EMBIL=(percent) excess body mass index lost. (%) BMIL=(percent) body mass index lost.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure