Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of T1D subjects without complications and with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
| Patient characteristics | Without any complications | With DR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 482 | 196 | — |
| Female (%) | 52.1 | 61.7 | 0.027 |
| Age (years) | 39.1 ± 12.7 | 49.3 ± 11.6 | 1.09E − 21 |
| Age range (years) | 20.0 to 73.8 | 24.6 to 73.8 | — |
| Duration of disease | 18.2 ± 11.1 | 31.4 ± 10.3 | 1.09E − 21 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.8 ± 9.5 | 122.9 ± 12.1 | 1.17E − 06 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.7 ± 6.4 | 73.8 ± 7.3 | 0.208 |
| Diabetic nephropathy (%) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Diabetic neuropathy (%) | 0 | 41.8 (n = 82) | — |
| CAD (%) | 0 | 16.3 (n = 32) | — |
| Dyslipidemia (N/Y) | 376/106 | 112/84 | 7.05E − 08 |
| Hypertension (N/Y) | 425/57 | 117/79 | 1.14E − 16 |
| Hemoglobin | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 1.40E − 04 |
| Albumin | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 1.79E − 05 |
| LDL | 94.0 ± 27.4 | 102.4 ± 38.3 | 0.693 |
| Total cholesterol | 174.6 ± 34.2 | 184.1 ± 47.1 | 0.565 |
| Triglycerides | 90.4 ± 67.6 | 109.5 ± 94.2 | 0.395 |
| HDL | 61.9 ± 17.9 | 60.7 ± 19.4 | 0.639 |
| Creatinine | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 7.0E − 04 |
| HbA1c | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 0.319 |
| BUN | 13.4 ± 4.5 | 16.4 ± 5.6 | 4.83E − 08 |
| Microalbumin | 24.9 ± 122.3 | 85.2 ± 252.1 | 0.017 |