Table 1. Effect of surfactants on the particle properties of lambda-cyhalothrin nanosuspensions. a .
| Surfactant b | Mean size (nm) ± S.D. | D90 c (nm) ± S.D. | PDI d ± S.D. e |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDS | 19.7 ± 0.1 | 93.9 ± 3.5 | 0.38 ± 0.01 |
| SDBS | 37.7 ± 1.1 | 325.3 ± 93.6 | 0.49 ± 0.01 |
| MRES | 81.9 ± 0.4 | 157.0 ± 6.0 | 0.19 ± 0.02 |
| SL | 431.0 ± 20.1 | 733.3 ± 335.8 | 0.23 ± 0.14 |
| Polycarboxylate | 481.6 ± 16.8 | 794.7 ± 381.2 | 0.39 ± 0.35 |
| CTAB | 179.9 ± 2.3 | 579.3 ± 186.6 | 0.27 ± 0.01 |
| Tween 80 | 117.3 ± 1.2 | 286.0 ± 33.8 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
| PVP K30 | 1452.8 ± 475.4 | 385.7 ± 242.5 | 0.95 ± 0.09 |
| HPMC | 1204.7 ± 23.2 | 4443.3 ± 938.3 | 0.58 ± 0.19 |
aThe nanosuspensions containing 1% (w/w) lambda-cyhalothrin and 0.5% (w/w) surfactant were prepared at a shearing speed of 10000 rpm and 80°C.
bSDS: 1-dodecanesulfonic acid sodium salt; SDBS: sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; MRES: maleic rosin-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate; SL: sodium ligninsulfonate; CTAB: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; Tween 80: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; PVP K30: polyvinylpyrrolidone K30; HPMC: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
cD90: particle size expressed by the 90% diameter percentile.
dPDI: polydispersity index.
eS.D.: standard deviation of three measurements.