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a) The red rectangle on this non-sputtered taper represents the magnified regions in b). b) The first five proximal ridges of stem taper profile #3 are shown. The gold coating is removed from the ridges by shear abrasion during assembly (uncoated silver areas), but remains in the valleys. With increasing assembly force a greater area of the gold coating is removed from the ridges of the threaded surface profile due to increased contact between head and stem.
