Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for the control vs. ADHD group for demographics
| N | Control | ADHD | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 213 | 251 | ||
| % Male | 42.3 % | 66.9 % | <0.001 |
| Age (SD) | 11.0 (2.4) | 10.5 (2.3) | 0.02 |
| % Stimulant medication | 1.4 % | 37.1 % | <0.001 |
| % Caucasian | 76.5 % | 72.1 % | 0.64 |
| Income (SD)+ | 79.0 (47.4) | 64.5 (38.7) | 0.002 |
| KSADS-E diagnostic interview | |||
| Parent inattention Sx (SD) | 0.74 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Parent hyperactivity-impulsivity Sx (SD) | 0.62 (1.2) | 4.3 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| % Oppositional defiant disorder (lifetime) | 14.1 % | 41.6 % | <0.001 |
| % Conduct disorder (lifetime) | 0.5 % | 8.4 % | <0.001 |
| Child temperament traits – parent report | |||
| Reactive control (SD) | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Resiliency (SD) | 6.0 (0.86) | 5.2 (0.99) | <0.001 |
| Negative emotionality (SD) | 3.8 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Conscientiousness (SD) | 6.1 (1.3) | 3.9 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Agreeableness (SD) | 6.6 (1.1) | 5.9 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Parenting dimensions – youth report | |||
| Maternal involvement (SD) | 35.4 (5.8) | 33.4 (7.1) | 0.001 |
| Paternal involvement (SD) | 29.7 (10.3) | 26.4 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Poor supervision/monitoring (SD) | 18.6 (5.3) | 20.6 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Inconsistent discipline (SD) | 12.8 (3.7) | 14.1 (4.0) | <0.001 |
SD standard deviation, HI hyperactivity-impulsivity. Higher scores for temperament and parenting measures indicated that trait was more descriptive of the child and increased levels of the specific parenting behavior. + Income reported in thousands