Table 3.

Distribution of 72 Studies Included in a Systematic Review According to Region, Study Quality, Intervention Type, and Impact on Primary Care Career Choice

Intervention type	Impact*	United States		Europe‡		Other§
		High quality studies†	Low quality studies	High-quality studies	Low-quality studies	High-quality studies	Low-quality studies
Compulsory clerkships	Positive	●●●	○○○	●	○○○○		○○○○○○○
	None, negative or unknown	▲▲	△△△	▲	△	▲▲▲
Longitudinal programs	Positive	●●●●●●●●●	○○○○○○	●			○
	None, negative or unknown	▲	△△				△△△△△△
Electives	Positive	●	○○○○		○		○
	None, negative or unknown		△△		△
Other interventions	Positive		○○○	●			○
	None, negative or unknown		△△				△

*Impact of the intervention on the relevant outcome (see Appendix 4, Outcome and Impact). For studies including more than one outcome, the most relevant was taken (order of relevancy: final career choice > career choice at graduation > career intention)

†Circles symbolize studies with a positive impact; triangles symbolize studies with no impact, unknown impact or negative impact on the most relevant outcome. ●/▲ = high-quality studies (as defined in Table 1), ○/△ = low-quality studies

‡Includes studies from The Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany

§Includes studies from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Pakistan, and Hong Kong