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. 2015 Aug 17;35(18):3104–3115. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00473-15

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FIG 1 — Mutants of Drosophila ELAV family RBPs display distinct phenotypes but converge in the regulation of synaptic growth. (A to D) Axonal projections in control, elav (elav^e5/Y), elav fne (elav^e5 fne^Δ/Y), and elav fne Rbp9 (elav^e5 fne^Δ/Y; Rbp9^P2690) embryos were stained with MAb BP102. Arrowheads indicated projection defects and/or irregular positioning of neuromeres. Scale bar, 25 μm. (E to L) Neuromuscular junctions at muscle 13 of control, elav (elav^e5/elav^ts1), fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), elav fne (elav^e5 fne^Δ//elav^ts1 fne^Δ), elav; RBP9 (elav^e5/elav^ts1; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) and fne; Rbp9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) third-instar larvae were stained with anti-HRP, and type 1b boutons were quantified (n = 15 to 30) (L). Scale bar, 25 μm. elav^e5/elav^ts1 mutants were raised at the permissive temperature during embryogenesis. Statistically significant differences compared to the control values are indicated by asterisks (**, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). (M to Q) Mushroom bodies of control, elav (elav^e5/elav^ts1) (flies raised at the permissive temperature during embryogenesis), fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), and fne; Rbp9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) adult flies were stained with anti-Fas2. Arrowheads indicate fused beta lobes. Scale bar, 25 μm. (R to V) Photoreceptors of control, elav (elav^e5; whole-eye clone), fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), and fne RBP9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) adult flies from paraffin sections were visualized by autofluorescence. Scale bar, 5 μm. (W to AB) Horizontal paraffin sections of adult heads from control, fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), and fne; Rbp9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) 40-day-old adult flies and from elav (elav^e5/elav^ts1) (flies raised at the permissive temperature during embryogenesis) 1-day-old (AA) and 7-day-old (AB) adult flies were visualized by autofluorescence. Arrowheads indicate vacuolization, and the asterisks indicate the nonrotated medulla. Scale bar, W 50 μm. (AC) Longevity of control, elav (elav^e5/elav^ts1) (flies raised at the permissive temperature during embryogenesis), fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), and fne; Rbp9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) flies is shown as the mean from three replicates (20 flies each) with the standard error. (AD) Negative geotaxis of 1-day-, 10-day-, and 20-day-old elav (elav^e5/elav^{ts1) (}flies raised at the permissive temperature during embryogenesis), fne (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165), Rbp9 (Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206), and fne; Rbp9 (fne^Δ/Df (1)ED7165; Rbp9^P2690/Df(2L)ED206) adult flies is shown as the mean from three experiments with the standard error normalized to the performance of control flies (set to 100%). Statistically significant differences of comparisons to control fly values are indicated (***, P < 0.001).