Patients with severe aortic valve calcification based on absolute aortic valve calcium score (A) or aortic valve calcification density (aortic valve calcium score indexed to aortic annular area; B) had increased all-cause mortality compared to those with non-severe aortic valve calcification. Prognostic value remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, NYHA ≥3, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, indexed aortic valve area, mean pressure gradient and systolic ejection fraction. Reproduced with permission from (26).