Fig. 1.

The increased expression of TRB3, induced by obesity or by the condition of insulin resistance, promotes a decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt and Foxo1, which enables the translocation of Foxo1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Activated in the nucleus, the Foxo1 increases PGC-1α transcription and its association with this protein, starting the gluconeogenic program. As a consequence, there is an increase in the transcription of gluconeogenic enzymes, such as PEPCK and G6Pase in the liver resulting in hepatic glucose production