TABLE 4—

Average Marginal Effects of Nonsmoking Adolescents’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Outside the Home: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 9 West African Countries, 2006–2009

Characteristic	Cape Verde (n = 970), %	Cote d’Ivoire (n = 1382), %	Ghana (n = 3154), %	Guinea (n = 938), %	Mali (n = 1593), %	Mauritania (n = 1217), %	Niger (n = 904), %	Senegal (n = 1124), %	Togo (n = 1610), %
Gender
Male	0.3	−1.5	0.9	7.3*	−2.4	1.3	1.0	−2.0	0.9
Female (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age, y
13 (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
14	−1.1	2.6	−0.2	2.0	0.2	−2.9	1.0	−1.1	4.3
15	3.5	4.9	−0.3	−4.6	3.8	−5.9	2.2	2.4	1.3
Parent smokes
Yes	16.9***	9.7**	19.7***	12.8**	3.2	6.8	12.5	13.6***	23.0***
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Peer smokes
Yes	18.9***	8.6**	8.8***	10.2*	11.6***	18.9***	21.1***	6.1	18.5***
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Knowledge of smoking harm
Yes	5.4	5.9	8.7***	13.8***	11.8***	15.5***	10.4*	17.8***	5.5*
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Support smoking ban
Yes	4.7	5.7	4.8**	15.4***	8.0**	11.3***	3.6	−4.3	6.4
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Exposed to antismoking media message
Yes	6.3*	11.3***	13.4***	5.1	4.0*	13.8***	10.9**	10.6**	7.3*
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Exposed to antismoking education in school
Yes	−0.6	2.0	6.3***	1.9	10.9***	6.0*	10.4**	7.4*	4.6
No (Ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
H-L χ2(8)a	1.8 (0.9)	10.3 (0.2)	14.5 (0.1)	13.4 (0.1)	27.2 (0.0)	8.7 (0.4)	13.2 (0.1)	23.8 (0.0)	13.4 (0.1)

Note. Average marginal effects were estimated from the multivariable logistic regression and converted to percentages.

^aH-L χ²(8) shows the results of the Hosmer–Lemeshow test for the goodness of fit of the model with 10 groups. The values in parentheses indicate Prob > χ².

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.