TABLE 1—
Demographic and Mental Health Recovery Differences Between Services as Usual and Patient-Centered Medical Home Participants at Baseline: San Diego County, CA, 2011–2013
| Characteristic | Services as Usual, No. (%) or Mean ±SD | Patient-Centered Medical Home, No. (%) or Mean ±SD |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 10 947 (51.0) | 94 (47.0) |
| Male | 10 516 (49.0) | 106 (53.0) |
| Race/ethnicity*** | ||
| White | 10 554 (51.1) | 96 (48) |
| African American | 2 562 (12.4) | 32 (16) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 516 (7.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| Hispanic | 4 649 (22.5) | 69 (34.5) |
| Native American | 187 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 1 200 (5.8) | 2 (1.0) |
| Diagnosis | ||
| Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder | 7 139 (34.3) | 67 (33.5) |
| Bipolar disorders | 4 233 (20.3) | 53 (26.5) |
| Major depressive disorders | 6 614 (31.7) | 69 (34.5) |
| Other psychotic disorders | 623 (3.0) | 3 (1.5) |
| Other depression | 811 (3.9) | 3 (1.5) |
| Anxiety disorders | 1 097 (5.3) | 5 (2.5) |
| Dysthymia | 7 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Adjustment disorders | 92 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 28 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Substance use disorder | 37 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Cognitive disorders | 16 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 137 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Living arrangement | ||
| Lives independently | 15 857 (75.5) | 165 (82.5) |
| Board and care | 1 920 (9.1) | 10 (5) |
| Homeless | 1 881 (9.0) | 17 (8.5) |
| Institutional | 284 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Justice-related | 125 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 659 (3.1) | 8 (4.0) |
| Unknown | 268 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Employment*** | ||
| Unemployed | 17 332 (88.6) | 155 (79.1) |
| Employed for compensation | 1 762 (9.0) | 35 (17.9) |
| Employed not for compensation or volunteer | 462 (2.4) | 6 (3.1) |
| Insurance | ||
| Uninsured | 11 171 (49.9) | 94 (47.0) |
| Medi-Cal or Medicare only | 10 436 (46.6) | 96 (48.0) |
| Private | 787 (3.5) | 10 (5.0) |
| Education, y* | 12.08 ±2.85 | 12.48 ±2.64 |
| IMR total*** | 3.04 ±0.66 | 3.60 ±0.51 |
| Factor 1: Recovery*** | 2.74 ±0.85 | 3.34 ±0.73 |
| Factor 2: Management*** | 2.46 ±0.96 | 3.38 ±0.77 |
| Factor 3: Substance** | 4.63 ±0.93 | 4.77 ±0.77 |
| RMQ total** | 3.57 ±0.74 | 3.74 ±0.59 |
Note. IMR = Illness Management and Recovery scale; RMQ = Recovery Markers Questionnaire.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.