TABLE 4—
State-Specific Logit Models Assessing Ordinal Dependent Variable for Number of Venue Types (Worksites, Restaurants, Bars) Covered by a 100% Smoke-Free Law as of July 2011: US Tobacco Control Laws Database and 2006–2010 American Community Survey
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | Alabama (n = 1130), OR (95% CI) | Alaska (n = 330), OR (95% CI) | Indiana (n = 1851), OR (95% CI) | Kentucky (n = 1061), OR (95% CI) | Mississippi (n = 1081), OR (95% CI) | Missouri (n = 2616), OR (95% CI) | North Dakota (n = 1587), OR (95% CI) | South Carolina (n = 753), OR (95% CI) | Texas (n = 2797), OR (95% CI) | West Virginia (n = 704), OR (95% CI) |
| Logit modela | ||||||||||
| Urban status | 8.861** (2.783, 28.220) | 2.587 (0.674, 9.922) | 1.485* (1.040, 2.121) | 5.170** (2.939, 9.097) | 5.178** (2.245, 11.940) | . . .b | 1.162 (0.148, 9.110) | 2.199** (1.213, 3.989) | 28.540** (3.791, 214.800) | 0.656** (0.485, 0.887) |
| Total population (log) | 1.096 (0.920, 1.305) | 1.256 (0.880, 1.794) | 1.230** (1.086, 1.393) | 0.838* (0.723, 0.972) | 1.402** (1.117, 1.761) | 1.618** (1.415, 1.850) | 3.343** (1.470, 7.599) | 1.209* (1.042, 1.403) | 1.322** (1.165, 1.501) | 1.085 (0.976, 1.207) |
| % racial/ethnic minority | 1.053 (0.779, 1.424) | 0.750 (0.363, 1.551) | 1.064 (0.901, 1.258) | 1.548** (1.281, 1.871) | 0.933 (0.726, 1.199) | 3.558** (2.681, 4.720) | 1.041 (0.088, 12.36) | 1.088 (0.860, 1.376) | 1.718** (1.331, 2.219) | 1.028 (0.902, 1.171) |
| % living and working in same locality | 3.570** (2.511, 5.076) | 1.724 (0.977, 3.044) | 1.450** (1.268, 1.658) | 1.406** (1.196, 1.652) | 2.647** (1.995, 3.514) | 1.266** (1.103, 1.453) | 2.222 (0.511, 9.669) | 1.196* (1.004, 1.426) | 3.695** (2.863, 4.768) | 1.061 (0.943, 1.195) |
| % with < high-school diploma | 0.705 (0.459, 1.083) | 0.784 (0.358, 1.717) | 0.854 (0.719, 1.015) | 0.672** (0.517, 0.874) | 0.901 (0.709, 1.146) | 0.653** (0.538, 0.793) | 0.995 (0.179, 5.533) | 0.508** (0.381, 0.678) | 0.593** (0.444, 0.792) | 0.890 (0.777, 1.020) |
| Per capita income in past 12 mo | 1.155 (0.289, 4.616) | 3.789 (0.934, 15.370) | 2.050** (1.396, 3.009) | 4.382** (2.097, 9.156) | 1.314 (0.629, 2.749) | 3.123** (1.672, 5.836) | 2.068 (0.017, 255.4) | 1.374 (0.677, 2.790) | 2.369** (1.237, 4.537) | 0.572* (0.336, 0.973) |
| % working in blue-collar occupations | 1.287 (0.819, 2.025) | 1.173 (0.698, 1.973) | 0.717** (0.601, 0.855) | 0.722** (0.569, 0.918) | 0.895 (0.707, 1.132) | 0.766* (0.622, 0.942) | 2.066 (0.577, 7.393) | 1.040 (0.787, 1.375) | 0.797 (0.607, 1.045) | 0.801** (0.693, 0.925) |
| Logit model with interaction (racial/ethnic minority and urban status) | 0.642 (0.371, 1.111) | 5.684* (1.286, 25.120) | 1.369* (1.002, 1.872) | 2.643** (1.663, 4.202) | 0.898 (0.497, 1.623) | . . .b | . . .b | 1.166 (0.723, 1.881) | 2.356** (1.819, 3.050) | 1.175 (0.903, 1.528) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
The reported results are ORs from the Logit model. An OR of > 1 implies that an explanatory variable is associated with higher odds of the outcome. An OR of < 1 implies that an explanatory variable is associated with lower odds of the outcome. An OR = 1 implies that an explanatory variable does not affect the odds of the outcome. For example, the OR for the variable “urban status” in Alabama is 8.861; this implies that, everything else being constant, the odds that an urban locality in Alabama has a comprehensive smoke-free law in a greater number of venue types are 8.861 times higher than that for a nonurban locality in Alabama.
Urban status was dropped from the model for Missouri because of the complete determination in maximum likelihood estimation. The indicator for the interaction between percentage racial/ethnic minority and urban status was dropped from the model for Missouri and North Dakota for the same reason.
*P < .05; **P < .01.