Table 4.
Average Selection and Consumption of Foods Among Students Participating in the MEALS Study, After Long-term Exposure to the Chef Intervention or Extended Daily Exposure to the Smart Café Interventiona
| Variable | Control Schools |
Chef Schools | Smart Café Schools | Chef Plus Smart Café Schools | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of Students Selecting a Meal Component | Mean %b | Mean %b | OR (95% CI)c | Mean %b | OR (95% CI)c | Mean %b | OR (95% CI)c |
| Entrée | 100 | 100 | NA | 100 | NA | 100 | NA |
| Fruit | 51.1 | 71.6 | 3.08 (2.23 to 4.25)d | 54.3 | 1.45 (1.13 to 1.87)d | 78.1 | 3.10 (2.26 to 4.25)d |
| Vegetable | 33.7 | 64.2 | 2.54 (1.83 to 3.54)d | 50.6 | 1.91 (1.46 to 2.50)d | 76.4 | 7.38 (5.26 to 10.35)d |
| % of Meal Components Consumed | Mean (SE)e | Mean (SE)e | Difference (95% CI)f | Mean (SE)e | Difference (95% CI)f | Mean (SE)e | Difference (95% CI)f |
| Entrée, % | 80.7 (4.8) | 68.1 (6.9) | −12.6 (−26.2 to 1.1) | 81.6 (5.6) | 0.9 (−9.9 to 12.0) | 84.6 (7.1) | 3.9 (−10.0 to 17.8) |
| Fruit, % | 67.4 (6.7) | 88.1 (9.9) | 20.7 (−1.3 to 42.7) | 63.0 (8.6) | −4.4 (−23.8 to 15.0) | 58.6 (8.9) | −8.8 (−28.7 to 11.1) |
| Cups of fruits | 0.34 (0.05) | 0.51 (0.07) | 0.17 (0.03 to 0.30)d | 0.34 (0.07) | −0.00 (−0.13 to 0.11) | 0.30 (0.07) | −0.04 (−0.17 to 0.08) |
| Vegetable, % | 28.9 (5.8) | 59.7 (6.1) | 30.8 (17.7 to 43.8)d | 18.2 (6.3) | −10.7 (−23.8 to 2.4) | 53.4 (7.1) | 24.5 (10.0 to 39.0)d |
| Cups of vegetables | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.30 (0.03) | 0.16 (0.09 to 0.22)d | 0.09 (0.03) | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.01) | 0.27 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.05 to 0.19)d |
Abbreviations: MEALS, modifying eating and lifestyles at school; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio (intervention schools vs control schools).
Long-term selection was measured after 7 months of exposure to the chef intervention and extended daily exposure after 4 months of the smart café intervention, collected in the spring of 2012.
Results are unadjusted.
Results are calculated using logistic regression, accounting for students nested within schools and repeated measures among students and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and baseline selection of the food component.
Statistically significant.
Calculated using least squares mean regression. Results are calculated based on students who selected the meal component, comparing the chef schools with the control schools.
Intervention schools minus control schools. Estimates are adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and baseline consumption of the food component using a mixed-model analysis of variance.