Table 4.
Estimation of the determinants of ArtifArea index (Hausman-Taylor).
| Dependent variable : Ln(ArtifArea) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Constant | 3.788 (6.76)** | 2.752 (6.45)** | 2.817 (1.066) | 2.095 (0.83) |
| Ln(POP) | 0.288 (6.08)** | 0.329 (6.98)** | 0.170 (2.96)** | 0.185 (3.24)** |
| Ln(GDPcap) | 0.168 (5.38)** | 0.246 (17.83)** | 0.210 (4.71)** | 0.281 (15.14)** |
| Ln(Agriprox) | −0.270 (7.80)** | −0.265 (2.89)** | −0.279 (5.80)** | −0.277 (5.96)** |
| Ln(Highway) | 0.103 (4.27)** | 0.095 (4.20)** | 0.084 (2.36)* | 0.082 (2.49)* |
| Ln(Crime) | 0.214 (1.65) | 0.208 (1.66) | ||
| Ln(Rain) | −0.431 (2.09)* | −0.433 (2.17)* | ||
| Ln(Temperature) | −0.384 (2.65)* | −0.330 (2.58)* | ||
| L(AccessAir) | 0.699 (3.44)** | 0.666 (3.41)** | ||
| Ln(NO2) | 0.319 (2.03)* | 0.299 (2.01)* | ||
| Ln(CineSeats) | −0.040 (2.64)* | −0.046 (2.68)* | ||
| Ln(MedAlt) | −0.060 (1.56) | −0.065 (1.60) | ||
| S | −0.880 (4.82)** | −0.872 (5.11)** | −0.676 (2.026)* | −0.676 (2.09)* |
| W | −0.367 (2.09)* | −0.366 (2.23)* | −0.357 (−1.61) | −0.342 (1.60) |
| E | −0.453 (2.45)* | −0.397 (2.031)* | 0.032 (0.11) | 0.086 (0.325) |
| Year dummies | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Obs. | 677 | 677 | 466 | 466 |
| Adj. R2 | 0.311 | 0.301 | 0.321 | 0.317 |
| LM (Lagrange-Multiplier) test (p-value) | 58.79 (0.000) | 57.91 (0.000) | 36.38 (0.000) | 36.37 (0.000) |
| Hausman FE-RE (p-value) | 122.12 (0.000) | 112.19 (0.000) | 117.49 (0.000) | 110.91 (0.000) |
| Hausman FE-HT (p-value) | 7.842 (0.132) | 6.635 (0.109) | 5.585 (0.232) | 2.732 (0.255) |
Notes: Absolute values of t-statistics in parentheses; * significant at 5%; ** significant at 1%. LM test is the Chi-squared of the Breusch-Pagan test comparing the pooling and random-effects estimators. Hausman FE-RE is the Chi-squared of the Hausman test comparing the fixed-effects and random-effects estimator. Hausman FE-HT is the Chi-squared of the Hausman test comparing the fixed effects and Hausman-Taylor estimator. p-value is the p-value of this test.