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. 2014 Sep 25;5(9):e1425. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2014.384

Figure 5.

Figure 5

ER stress and the UPR precede induction of autophagy and apoptosis and are required for death induction. (a) Morphology of NCH82 cells treated for 48 h with 10 μM SKI combined with 500 μM TMZ in the presence or absence of 2.5 mM 4-PBA. Magnification: × 20. (b) Cytotoxicity of (SKI+TMZ) in the presence or absence of 2.5 mM 4-PBA. NCH82 cells were treated as indicated for 72 h and cell death determined by TO-PRO staining. Results shown are the mean±S.E.M. of three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 compared with all other conditions; **P<0.01 compared with control; §P<0.001 compared with control with 4-PBA. (c and d) BiP expression in NCH82 cells following treatment with 10 μM SKI combined with 500 μM TMZ in the presence or absence of (c) 2.5 mM 4-PBA or (d) 20 μM Z-VAD and 2 mM 3-MA, for the indicated time periods. Levels of 14.3.3 expression were used as a protein loading control. The result shown is representative of three independent experiments