TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants by Diabetes Status
| Characteristics | Diabetes Mellitus | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No, n =3,744 | Yes, n =462 | ||
| Age, yr | 76.2 (5.4) | 76.0 (5.1) | 0.30 |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 2,249 (60.1) | 207 (44.8) | <0.01 |
| Educational level,b No. (%) | |||
| Elementary school | 886 (23.7) | 86 (18.6) | |
| Middle or high school | 1,856 (49.7) | 244 (52.8) | |
| University or above | 996 (26.6) | 132 (28.6) | 0.05 |
| Current smoking,b No. (%) | 434 (11.6) | 49 (10.6) | 0.45 |
| Midlife hypertension, No. (%) | 943 (25.2) | 215 (46.5) | <0.01 |
| Cortical infarcts, No. (%) | 375 (10.1) | 79 (17.1) | <0.01 |
| Subcortical infarcts, No. (%) | 389 (10.4) | 87 (18.8) | <0.01 |
| Cerebral microbleeds, No. (%) | |||
| No | 3,322 (88.7) | 399 (86.4) | |
| A single | 264 (7.1) | 31 (6.7) | |
| Multiple, ≥2 | 158 (4.2) | 32 (6.9) | 0.02 |
| White matter lesion volumec | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3) | <0.01 |
| Gray matter volumec | 45.2 (3.3) | 44.6 (3.3) | <0.01 |
| Normal white matter volumec | 25.7 (1.9) | 25.1 (1.9) | <0.01 |
| Total brain tissue volumec | 72.2 (3.9) | 71.1 (3.9) | <0.01 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid volumec | 27.8 (3.9) | 28.9 (3.9) | <0.01 |
| Total intracranial volume, ml | 1,498.8 (147.1) | 1,518.4 (151.7) | <0.01 |
Data are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise indicated.
a
Probability value is for test of difference between subjects with and without diabetes controlling for age.
b
Data were missing in 6 subjects for education and 2 subjects for smoking. In subsequent analyses, subjects with missing values were in the referent group.
c
Data were corrected by total intracranial volume (a percentage of total intracranial volume).