Table 1.
Characteristics of survey respondents with and without advance directivesa
| Total N = 7946b n |
Has advance directive N = 2093 (26.3%) n (%)c |
Does not have advance directive N = 5853 (74.7%) n (%) |
p-valued | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of survey | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | 0.996 |
|
| ||||
| 2009 | 4199 | 1105 (26.3) | 3094 (73.7) | |
|
| ||||
| 2010 | 3747 | 988 (26.4) | 2759 (73.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Gender | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Male | 3862 | 965 (25) | 2897 (75) | |
|
| ||||
| Female | 4084 | 1128 (27.6) | 2956 (72.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Age, years | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| 18–34 | 979 | 116 (11.8) | 863 (88.2) | |
|
| ||||
| 35–54 | 3879 | 746 (19.2) | 3133 (80.8) | |
|
| ||||
| 55–65 | 1597 | 468 (29.3) | 1129 (70.7) | |
|
| ||||
| ≥65 | 1491 | 763 (51.2) | 728 (48.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Race | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| White | 5225 | 1605 (30.7) | 3620 (69.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Black | 1006 | 171 (17) | 835 (83) | |
|
| ||||
| Hispanic | 1063 | 178 (16.7) | 885 (83.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Other | 652 | 139 (21.3) | 513 (78.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Education | 7885 | 2075 (26.3) | 5810 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| <High school graduate | 476 | 68 (14.3) | 408 (85.7) | |
|
| ||||
| High school graduate | 1891 | 393 (20.8) | 1498 (79.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Some college | 2907 | 740 (25.5) | 2167 (74.5) | |
|
| ||||
| College graduate | 1511 | 461 (30.5) | 1050 (69.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Post graduate | 1100 | 413 (37.5) | 687 (62.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Marital status | 7940 | 2091 (26.3) | 5849 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Married/domestic partnership | 5616 | 1495 (26.6) | 4121 (73.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Divorced/separated | 877 | 231 (26.6) | 646 (73.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Widowed | 441 | 207 (46.9) | 234 (53.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Single | 1006 | 158 (15.7) | 848 (84.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Income, $ | 7946 | 2091 (26.3) | 5849 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| ≤24,999 | 2019 | 417 (20.7) | 1602 (73.7) | |
|
| ||||
| 25,000–49,999 | 1594 | 387 (24.3) | 1207 (79.3) | |
|
| ||||
| 50,000–74,999 | 1357 | 348 (25.6) | 1009 (75.7) | |
|
| ||||
| ≥75,000 | 2976 | 941 (31.6) | 2035 (68.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Employment | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5820 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Employede | 5127 | 1136 (22.2) | 3991 (77.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Not employedf | 2773 | 944 (34) | 1829 (66) | |
|
| ||||
| Has chronic disease | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Yes | 2961 | 986 (33.3) | 1975 (66.7) | |
|
| ||||
| No | 4757 | 1061 (22.3) | 3696 (77.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Don’t know | 228 | 46 (20.2) | 182 (79.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Regular source of care | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Yes | 7059 | 1970 (27.9) | 5089 (72.1) | |
|
| ||||
| No | 768 | 103 (13.4) | 665 (86.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Don’t know | 119 | 20 (16.8) | 99 (83.2) | |
|
| ||||
| End-of-life concerns | 7081 | 1857 (26.2) | 5224 (73.8) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Yes | 4804 | 1315 (27.4) | 3489 (72.6) | |
|
| ||||
| No | 1278 | 382 (29.9) | 896 (70.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Don’t know | 999 | 160 (16) | 839 (84) | |
|
| ||||
| End-of-life discussion | 7946 | 2093 (26.3) | 5853 (73.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Yes | 3868 | 1704 (44.1) | 2164 (55.9) | |
|
| ||||
| No | 3866 | 342 (8.8) | 3524 (91.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Don’t know | 212 | 47 (22.2) | 165 (77.8) | |
a
Based on raw data from the 2009 and 2010 HealthStyles Survey
b
7946 respondents answered the advance directive item. For some of the independent variables (education, marital status, EOL concerns), there were missing data. In these cases, the total N for the bivariate comparisons was less than 7946.
c
Percentages are row percentages.
d
From a weighted likelihood ratio test
e
Includes full-time and part-time employment
f
Includes retired and unemployed