Table 3.
Covariates of Quitting Intentions: Wald Statistics, Odds Ratios, and 95% Confidence Intervals from the Overall Logistic Regression Model
| Covariates | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|
| Country (ref = Western countries) | – | – |
| Malaysia | 1.94 | 0.90 – 4.20 |
| Thailand | 1.29 | 0.61 – 2.74 |
| Past quit attempt (ref = No) | 3.00*** | 2.71 – 3.31 |
| Sex (ref = Female) | 0.97 | 0.86 – 1.06 |
| Age group (ref = 18–24) | – | – |
| 25–39 | 0.75*** | 0.64 – 0.87 |
| 40–54 | 0.57*** | 0.49 – 0.67 |
| 55+ | 0.38*** | 0.33 – 0.45 |
| Education level (ref = Low) | – | – |
| Medium | 1.27*** | 1.14 – 1.42 |
| High | 1.33*** | 1.14 – 1.54 |
| Addiction level (ref = Not at all addicted) | – | – |
| Somewhat addicted | 1.37*** | 1.17 – 1.60 |
| Very addicted | 1.48*** | 1.25 – 1.75 |
| Cigarettes per day | 0.85*** | 0.82 – 0.89 |
| Self-efficacy | 1.04*** | 1.02 – 1.07 |
| Personal attitude (PA) | 1.72*** | 1.63 – 1.81 |
| Norm from significant others (NSO) | 1.59*** | 1.50 – 1.70 |
| Societal norm (SN) | 1.14*** | 1.07 – 1.21 |
| PA × Country (ref = Western countries) | – | – |
| PA × Malaysia | 0.64*** | 0.56 – 0.73 |
| PA × Thailand | 0.81*** | 0.73 – 0.90 |
| NSO × Country (ref = Western countries) | – | – |
| NSO × Malaysia | 0.96 | 0.83 – 1.11 |
| NSO × Thailand | 0.64*** | 0.55 – 0.74 |
| SN × Country (ref = Western countries) | – | – |
| SN × Malaysia | 1.04 | 0.91 – 1.18 |
| SN × Thailand | 1.10 | 0.96 – 1.25 |
***
p < .001