Table 3. Hazard Ratios of Severe Infection Occuring Between 29 and 364 Days of Age According to Baseline Characteristics (N = 519*, 52 Infants with Severe Infections).
| n | Crude Hazard ratio (confidence limits) | p-value | Adjusted Hazard ratio** (confidence limits) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at birth, years | |||||
| 14–34 | 30 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 35–42 | 15 | 2.50 (1.35–4.65) | 0.004 | 2.19 (1.16–4.13) | 0.016 |
| missing | 6 | ||||
| African origin | |||||
| No | 9 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 42 | 0.96 (0.47–1.97) | 0.91 | 0.85 (0.40–1.80) | 0.67 |
| missing | 1 | ||||
| Maternal CD4 cell count around birth, cells per mm 3 | |||||
| ≥200 | 33 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | |
| <200 | 6 | 1.28 (0.54–3.05) | 0.58 | 1.46 (0.60–3.55) | 0.40 |
| missing | 13 | ||||
| Maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA around delivery, copies/ml§ | |||||
| <400 | 25 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| ≥400 | 7 | 1.05 (0.45–2.42) | 0.92 | 0.74 (0.31–1.80) | 0.51 |
| missing | 20 | ||||
| Timing of HIV diagnosis | |||||
| Before or during first trimester of pregnancy | 41 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| During second or third trimester, per or post partum | 5 | 0.71 (0.28–1.80) | 0.48 | 0.63 (0.22–1.78) | 0.38 |
| missing | 6 | ||||
| ARV during pregnancy | |||||
| No | 7 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 42 | 1.65 (0.74–3.68) | 0.22 | 1.49 (0.62–3.57) | 0.37 |
| missing | 3 | ||||
| Number of ARV during pregnancy | |||||
| None | 7 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| ZDV or ZDV/3TC | 11 | 1.73 (0.67–4.46) | - | 1.53 (0.53–4.43) | - |
| cARV | 31 | 1.64 (0.72–3.73) | 0.45 | 1.49 (0.61–3.64) | 0.66 |
| missing | 3 | ||||
| Duration of ARV during pregnancy | |||||
| Less than 3 months before delivery | 21 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| More than 3 months and less than 6 months | 12 | 1.43 (0.70–2.91) | - | 1.52 (0.71–3.29) | - |
| More than 6 months | 13 | 1.30 (0.65–2.60) | 0.56 | 1.04 (0.50–2.16) | 0.54 |
| missing | 6 | ||||
| Period of birth and ARV during pregnancy | |||||
| Born 01 January 1985–12 April 1994 | 3 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Born 13 April 1994–31 December 2006 & no ARV during pregnancy | 4 | 3.52 (0.79–15.74) | - | 1.66 (0.33–8.37) | - |
| Born 13 April 1994–31 December 2006 & ARV during pregnancy | 42 | 2.80 (0.87–9.03) | 0.19 | 1.86 (0.57–6.11) | 0.59 |
| missing | 3 | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 17 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Male | 35 | 2.06 (1.16–3.69) | 0.014 | 1.71 (0.92–3.19) | 0.09 |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Vaginal | 20 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Caesarean section, elective | 19 | 1.17 (0.62–2.19) | - | 0.90 (0.45–1.77) | - |
| Caesarean section, emergency | 10 | 1.81 (0.85–3.86) | 0.31 | 1.10 (0.46–2.64) | 0.89 |
| Missing | 3 | ||||
| Gestational age at birth | |||||
| ≥37 weeks | 37 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| <37 weeks | 13 | 3.00 (1.60–5.65) | 0.001 | 3.00 (1.53–5.88) | 0.001 |
| missing | 2 |
* Infants with a follow up <28 days were excluded.
**Adjusted for maternal age, gender, and preterm birth n = 446
§ Analysis restricted to period 1996–2006
Data censored at 1 year of age. All p-values are from Wald tests.
cARV = combined antiretroviral ZDV = zidovudine 3TC = lamivudine