Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bone. 2014 Dec 10;73:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.002

Table 2.

Univariate associations of (A) tibia and (B) radius bone outcomes with obesity and with each variable chosen a priori for potential contribution to the differences between obese and non-obese participants.

Section modulus Z-score
Trabecular vBMD Z-score
Cortical vBMD Z-score
β (95% CI) p-value β (95% CI) p-value β (95% CI) p-value
A. Tibia
Obese vs. non-obese 1.07 (0.81 to 1.33) <0.0001 0.34 (−0.04, 0.72) 0.08 0.00 (−0.36, 0.36) 0.9
Calf muscle area Z-score 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) <0.0001 0.16 (0.01, 0.31) 0.03 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18) 0.07
Tanner 3–5 vs. 1–2 0.23 (−0.13 to 0.47) 0.2 0.44 (0.01, 0.86) 0.045 0.51 (0.11, 0.91) 0.01
Advanced skeletal maturity, per year 0.37 (0.25 to 0.48) <0.0001 0.23 (0.08, 0.38) 0.002 0.26 (0.12, 0.40) <0.0001
Ankle strength Z-score 0.51 (0.37 to 0.65) <0.0001 0.09 (−0.10, 0.28) 0.4 −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) 0.6
Moderate to vigorous Physical Activity, per % 0.00 (−0.16 to 0.15) 0.95 −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) 0.3 −0.03 (−0.22, 0.15) 0.7
Total physical activity, per 100 counts per min 0.23 (0.08 to 0.38) <0.01 −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) 0.3 −0.08 (−0.27, 0.10) 0.4
Calcium intake, per 100 mg/day 0.017 (−0.005 to 0.039) 0.12 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) 0.1 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) 0.9
hsCRP, per mg/L 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) 0.7 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) 0.07 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) 0.07
25(OH) vitamin D, per 10 ng/mL 0.05 (−0.11 to 0.20) 0.6 0.08 (−0.10, 0.27) 0.4 −0.04 (−0.21, 0.14) 0.7
B. Radius
Obese vs. non-obese 0.45 (−0.05, 0.96) 0.08 0.19 (−0.23, 0.62) 0.4 −0.13 (−0.50, 0.23) 0.5
Tanner 3–5 vs. 1–2 0.07 (−0.52, 0.66) 0.8 0.10 (−0.39, 0.59) 0.7 0.11 (−0.32, 0.53) 0.6
Advanced skeletal maturity, per year 0.30 (0.09, 0.50) <0.01 0.08 (−0.10, 0.25) 0.4 0.12 (−0.03, 0.27) 0.12
Handgrip strength Z-score 0.44 (0.23, 0.65) <0.001 0.21 (0.03, 0.39) 0.02 −0.10 (−0.26, 0.06) 0.2
Moderate to vigorous physical activity, per % 0.08 (−0.15, 0.31) 0.5 −0.21 (−0.43, 0.00) 0.05 0.00 (−0.18, 0.19) 0.9
Total physical activity, per 100 counts per min 0.15 (−0.08, 0.37) 0.2 −0.14 (−0.35, 0.08) 0.2 −0.11 (−0.30, 0.08) 0.2
Calcium intake, per 100 mg/day 0.04 (0.00, 0.07) 0.03 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) 0.3 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) 0.9
hsCRP, per mg/L 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) 0.9 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) 0.09 0.03 (−0.01, 0.07) 0.2
25(OH) vitamin D, per 10 ng/mL 0.21 (−0.04, 0.47) 0.10 −0.03 (−0.25, 0.19) 0.8 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) 0.6