Fig 1. IL-22 is induced during leishmania infections.

C57BL/6 mice were intradermally infected with 2 x 10⁶ L. major promastigotes metacyclics in the ear. Cells from the draining lymph nodes of infected mice were isolated and cultured for 72 hours with media or leishmania antigen. Supernatants were collected and (A) IFN-γ (B) IL-17, and (C) IL-22 release was measured by ELISA. (D) C57BL/6 mice were intradermally infected with 2 x 10⁶ L. major promastigotes metacyclics in the ear and two days later treated with anti-CD4. Mice were euthanized on day 3 and cells from the draining lymph nodes were isolated and cultured for 72 hours with media or leishmania antigen to analyze IL-22 production by ELISA. (E) PBMCs from healthy subjects and L. braziliensis infected patients were cultured for 72 hours with media or L. braziliensis antigen. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-22 release by ELISA. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments, with 3–5 mice per group. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.