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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cancer Biol. 2010 Dec 13;21(2):123–130. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.12.001

Table 3.

Examples of preclinical models of CNS metastasis used to examine the efficacy of chemotherapeutic approaches. ACNU, (1-4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride; CCNU, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; CTX, cyclophosphamide; MTX, methotrexate.

Model Agent Effect Ref.
MDA-MB-435 melanoma and patient-derived Lu7187 and Lu7466 NSCLC intracranial implant Sagopilone (ZK-EPO) Significant inhibition of intracranial tumors [74]
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer intracranial implant Vorinostat + irradiation Combination with radiation resulted in increased median survival [75]
MDA-MB231 (231-Br) breast cancer intracardiac injection Angiopep-2 paclitaxel conjugate (ANG1005) Improved delivery into intracranial tumors [76]
EMT6 breast cancer intracranial implant BCNU in combination with biodegradable polymers Significant prolongation of survival [77]
B16 melanoma intracranial implant Poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase inhibitor GPI16552 + temozolomide Reduced intracaranial tumor growth and prolonged survival [78]
DU145/RasB1 prostate adenocarcinoma intracardiac injection VEGFR2 RTKI (AZD2171) Decreased brain metastases vascular bed [79]
E0771breast cancer intracranial implant Interleukin-2 secreting fibroblasts Significant prolongation of survival [80]
MDA-MB231 (231-Br) breast cancer intracardiac injection vorinostat Prevents formation of brain metastases [9]
Various tumor types intracranial implant Campothecin analogues Inhibit growth of melanoma and NSCLC [81]
MCF-7/HER2-18 breast cancer intracranial implant Herceptin Intracerebral microinfusion of Herceptin increases median survival [82]
Walker 256 carcinosarcoma intracardiac injection and intracranial implant ACNU, CCNU, CTX, MTX ACNU, CCNU and CTX increases median survival in intracranial implant, all increase median survival in intracardiac model [83]
B16 melanoma intracranial implant IFN-alpha immunotherapy + STAT-3 inhibitor (WP1193) Significant increase in median survival by combination [24]
MDA-MB-231-BR (231-BR-HER2) intracardiac lapatinib Decrease in number of large cerebral metastases [23]
MDA-MB-468 and Nt2.5luc breast cancer intracranial Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin Increased median survival [84]