Figure 5.
(A) The anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy of cancer by blocking PD-L1/PD-1 pathways in the TME.166 Reproduced with permission from ref. 166, Copyright 2011 Nature Publishing Group. (B) Co-localization of PD-L1 (red) and markers (green) of tumour-infiltrating immune cells and tumour cell by immunofluorescence staining.163 Reproduced with permission from ref. 163, Copyright 2014 Nature Publishing Group. (C) CT images of a bladder cancer patient before and after the 2-cycle treatment with MPDL3280A had almost complete remission.162 Reproduced with permission from ref. 162, Copyright 2014 Nature Publishing Group.