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. 2015 Aug;58(4):1103–1118. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0221

Table 2.

Speech characteristics of participants diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and speech delay characterized by an articulation/phonological impairment (SD).

Age (months) Incon. errors Mvt. seq. deficits Prosodic errors Timing errors Groping Reduced inventory Phon. process. Vowel errors^ Consonant Errors
DIST* SUB ADD OMM
CAS1 37 + 2, 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS2 43 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2
CAS3 44 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS4 45 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS5 51 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS6 53 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS7 62 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS8 64 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3
CAS9 68 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
CAS10 69 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2
CAS11 86 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD1 38 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD2 49 + 2 , 3 + 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2
SD3 44 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD4 58 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD5 56 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD6 63 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD7 64 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD8 72 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD9 78 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 , 3 + 1 , 2
SD10 79 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2
SD11 92 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 , 2

Note. Incon. Errors = inconsistent errors; Mvt. seq. deficits = movement sequencing deficits; phon. process. = phonological processes; DIST = distortions; SUB = substitutions; ADD = additions; OMM = omissions; + = characteristic present; — = characteristic absent;

^

= including vocalic /r/ errors;

*

= including /s/ lateralizations, interdentalizations, and consonantal /r/ distortions.

1

Single words.

2

Conversational speech sample.

3

Syllable sequencing task.