Table 3.

Multivariable regression model for survival to hospital discharge.

Characteristic	Odds Ratio (95^th CI)
Scene Time (reference: 10 to 35 minutes)^*
< 10 minutes	0.69 (0.36, 1.31)
> 35 minutes	0.37 (0.17, 0.77)
Age (reference: infant)^*
Child	2.12 (1.18, 3.77)
Adolescent	2.40 (1.33–4.30)
Gender (reference: female)
Male	0.83 (0.56, 1.22)
Aetiology of arrest (reference: no obvious cause)^*
Respiratory	1.07 (0.44, 2.63)
Submersion	3.48 (1.71, 7.10)
Other	1.26 (0.71, 2.26)
EMS or bystander witnessed	3.87 (2.55, 5.89)^*
Initial rhythm (reference: VF/VT)^*
PEA	0.39 (0.20, 0.78)
Asystole	0.10 (0.05, 0.20)
Undetermined	0.64 (0.26, 1.60)
EMS arrival time (reference: < 5 minutes)
5 to 7 minutes	0.68 (0.43, 1.06)
> 7 minutes	0.55 (0.27, 1.14)
ALS arrival time > 7 minutes	0.69 (0.43, 1.13)
Interventions (reference: none)
Defibrillation^†	1.66 (0.88, 3.10)
IV/IO attempt	2.40 (1.20, 4.81)^*
Fluid administration	1.73 (1.07, 2.80)^*
Advanced airway attempts	0.69 (0.43, 1.10)
Resuscitation drug^‡	0.24 (0.15, 0.39)^*
ROC Study Site^§	N/A^*

EMS denotes emergency medical services; VF/VT, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ALS, advanced life support; ROC, Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium; CI, confidence interval

p < 0.05

^†

By emergency medical services personnel or public access defibrillation

^‡

Any resuscitation drug including adrenaline, atropine or bicarbonate

^§

Odds Ratio not relevant, one random site chosen as reference