Table 1.

Literature prevalence of migraine in patients with epilepsy

Authors	Sample	M/F	Age	Methods	Results
	N of pts		yrs		Migraine
Schon and Blau 1987 [5]	100	39/61	32 mean	Interview	9 %
Ottman and Lipton 1994 [6]	1948	40 %/60 %	≥18	Structured telephone interviews + medical records review for 60 % of probands	24 %
Ito and Shachter 1996 [7]	162	82/80	19-65 range	Questionnaires mailed to the subjects + medical records review	NAa
Ito et al. 1999 [8]	109	36/73	38 ± 12 meanb	Questionnaire + interview + medical records review	12.8 %
Velioglu and Ozmenoglu 1999[9]	412	212/200	15-70 range	Interview with a standardized questionnaire	14 %
Leniger et al. 2001 [10]	341	154/187	40 ± 15 mean	Interview with a standardized questionnaire	18.2 %
Karaali Savrun et al. 2002 [11]	135	80/55	≥10	Questionnaire administered to patients	14.8 %
Förderreuther et al. 2002 [12]	110	69/41	35.2 mean	Semi-standardized interview	10 %b
Ito et al. 2004 [13]	364	163/201	12-81 range	Structured interview with standardized questionnaire	8 %
Syvertsen et al. 2007 [14]	109	44/65	20-71 range	Questionnaire + semi-structured telephonic interview	20 %
Kwan et al. 2008 [15]	227	98/129	36.0 ± 11.3 mean	Interview with standardized questionnaire + seizures and headache diary over the 3-month observation period + final interview	6.6 %b
HELP Study Group 2010 [16]	597	348/249	≥13	Questionnaire at initial visit	12.4 %
Tonini et al. 2012 [17]	492c	154/338	≥18	Direct interview with questionnaire	18.3 %b
Duchaczek et al. 2012 [18]	201	106/95	≥18	Semi-structured interview	11 %
Winawer et al. 2013 [19]	730d	285/445	≥12	Telephone or in-person interview + medical record abstraction	25.2 %e
Gameleira et al. 2013 [20]	304	141/163	4-88 range	Patients evaluated at the epilepsy clinic	32.9 %f
Wang et al. 2014 [21]	1109	607/502	≥18	Self-administered questionnaire + standardized semi-structured telephone interview	12.53 %

N, number; pts, patients; M, males; F, females; yrs, years; NA, not available

^aa prevalence of inter-ictal migraine is not clearly identifiable; the authors report a prevalence of inter-ictal headache in 64 % of patients, approximately a half of them with a pounding quality and almost 70 % of them often accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia

^bcalculated by the authors

^cthis multicenter study involved 1167 patients from epilepsy and headache centers, we considered only patients with epilepsy

^d371 probands, 231 siblings, 128 parents: all with epilepsy; ^e23.5 % probands, 22.5 % siblings, 35.2 % parents

^fthe authors of the study does not distinguish between inter-ictal migraine and post-ictal headache with migrainous features