Table 3.
Comparison of clinical features between subgroups of patients with inter-ictal migraine, inter-ictal tension-type headache and patients without inter-ictal headache
| Inter-ictal Migraine (Group 1) | Inter-ictal TTH (Group 2) | No inter-IH (Group 3) | p value | OR (CI 95 %) | Group Comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | 102 (26.29) | 74 (19.07) | 200 (51.55) | |||
| Males | 34 (23.45) | 28 (20.14) | 111 (79.86) | <0.001; | - | 1 vs 3; |
| Females | 68 (43.31) | 46 (34.07) | 89 (65.93) | 0.009 | 2 vs 3 | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 38.57 ± 13.73 | 40.34 ± 16.46 | 43.26 ± 16.27 | 0.013 | - | 1 vs 3 |
| Age at epilepsy onset (med; p25-p75) | 15; 10-21 | 15; 10-26 | 15; 6-25 | 0.877 | - | - |
| Epilepsy duration (med; p25-p75) | 19; 9-31 | 19; 10-28 | 21.5; 12-34 | 0.076 | - | - |
| Epilepsy | ||||||
| Generalized | 27 (26.47) | 19 (25.68) | 51 (25.50) | 0.855 | - | - |
| Focal | 73 (71.57) | 55 (74.32) | 144 (72.00) | 0.937 | - | - |
| Unclassified | 2 (1.96) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (2.50) | 0.768 | - | - |
| Frequency of seizures at observation | ||||||
| Sporadic | 37 (36.27) | 24 (32.43) | 67 (33.50) | 0.631 | - | - |
| Monthly/daily | 30 (29.41) | 24 (32.43) | 62 (31.00) | 0.777 | - | - |
| Seizure-free | 34 (33.33) | 26 (35.14) | 69 (34.50) | 0.840 | - | - |
| Tonic-clonic seizures | 73 (71.57) | 48 (64.86) | 113 (56.50) | 0.011 | 1.39 (1.08 - 1.80) | 1 vs 3 |
| AED therapy | ||||||
| Monotherapy | 54 (52.94) | 36 (48.65) | 91 (45.50) | 0.221 | 1.16 (0.91 - 1.47) | - |
| Polytherapy | 43 (42.16) | 37 (50.00) | 101 (50.50) | 0.170 | 0.85 (0.67 - 1.08) | - |
| No therapy | 5 (4.90) | 1 (1.35) | 8 (4.00) | 0.715 | 1.11 (0.63 - 1.97) | - |
| Photosensitivity | 8 (7.84) | 4 (5.41) | 11 (5.50) | 0.428 | - | - |
| Peri-ictal headache | 48 (47.06) | 22 (29.73) | 21 (10.50) | 0.019a; | 2.18 (1.14 - 4.19); | 1 vs 2; |
| <0.001a; | 2.68 (1.96 - 3.64); | 1 vs 3; | ||||
| <0.001b; | 1.87 (1.33 - 2.63) | 2 vs 3; | ||||
| Pre-ictal headache | 19 (18.63) | 3 (4.05) | 3 (1.50) | 0.010a; | 5.29 (1.50 - 18.68); | 1 vs 2; |
| <0.001a | 3.54 (1.88 - 6.66) | 1 vs 3 | ||||
| Ictal headache | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (1.50) | 0.214 | - | - |
| Post-ictal headache | 38 (37.25) | 20 (27.03) | 16 (8.00) | <0.001a; | 2.60 (1.85 - 3.64); | 1 vs 3; |
| <0.001b; | 2.09 (1.44 - 3.03); | 2 vs 3; | ||||
| 0.127b | 1.69 (0.86 - 3.31) | 1 vs 2 | ||||
N, number; TTH, tension-type headache; inter-IH, inter-ictal headache; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; vs, versus; SD, standard deviation; med, median; p25-p75, 25th and 75th percentile; AED, anti-epileptic drug
aMultivariable model adjusted for age, sex and anti-migraine therapy
bMultivariable model adjusted for age and sex
Figures given as N (%), unless otherwise stated