Table 3. Comparison of the adjusted mean and 95% CI of outcome measures (adjusted for baseline using ANCOVA) at each assessment time.
| Outcomes | Short-term effectiveness (after 2 weeks of treatment) |
Long-term effectiveness (12 weeks follow-up) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCP | CON | Difference (95% CI) |
BCP | CON | Difference (95% CI) |
|
| NRS (scores) | 1.8 | 4.1* | 2.3 (1.6 to 2.9) | 1.1 | 4.4* | 3.4 (2.6 to 4.1) |
| LROM-flexion (mm) | 19.5 | 18.3* | −1.3 (−1.5 to −1.0) | 20.3 | 18.7* | −1.5 (−1.9 to −1.1) |
| LROM-extension (mm) | 13.1 | 14.0* | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 12.7 | 14.0* | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.6) |
| RMDQ (scores) | 5.3 | 12.3* | 7.0 (5.3 to 8.7) | 1.8 | 10.3* | 8.5 (6.9 to 10.2) |
BCP: Back care pillow group; CON: Control group; SD: Standard deviation; NRS: Numerical rating scale; LROM: Lumbar range of motion; RMDQ: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. * Significant difference between BCP and CON (p<0.001).