Table 4. Various lifestyle independent variables and mean bone density in the 350 subjects.

Variable	BMD (M± SD), (g/cm2)
	Group 1 (25–30 yrs)		Group 2 (31–45 yrs)
	Men, n=100	Women, n=86	Men, n=60	Women, n=104
Milk consumption
Low ( <3 packs/week)	1.86 ± 0.11 (n=25)	1.74 ± 0.15 (n=45)	1.68 ± 0.14 (n=15)	1.56 ± 0.18 (n=35)
Moderate (3–6 packs/week)**	1.98 ± 0.12 (n=65)	1.89 ± 0.16 (n=35)	1.83 ± 0.16 (n=25)	1.82 ± 0.15 (n=65)
High (≥6 packs/week)	1.76 ± 0.13 (n=10)	1.67 ± 0.14 (n=6)	1.67 ± 0.17 (n=20)	1.64 ± 0.12 (n=4)
Daily coffee / tea consumption, cups
<3 cups**	1.98 ± 0.13 (n=72)	1.87 ± 0.11 (n=65)	1.91 ± 0.17 (n=45)	1.78 ± 0.11 (n=85)
3–4 cups	1.78 ± 0.15 (n=25)	1.69 ± 0.12 (n=15)	1.78 ± 0.13 (n=11)	1.66 ± 0.12 (n=13)
≥ 5 cups	1.65 ± 0.18 (n=23)	1.56 ± 0.13 (n=6)	1.67 ± 0.152 (n=4)	1.46 ± 0.09 (n=6)
Carbonated beverage intake
Normal (<3 cups/week) **	2.0 ± 0.11 (n=85)	1.81 ± 0.12 (n=75)	1.96 ± 0.13 (n=55)	1.75 ± 0.10 (n=80)
High (≥3 cups/week)	1.75 ± 0.15 (n=15)	1.67 ± 0.16 (n=11)	1.76 ± 0.12 (n=5)	1.60 ± 0.11 (n=24)
Calcium intake **
Low (<500 mg/day)	1.86 ± 0.14 (n=12)	1.85 ± 42.1 (n=7)	1.87 ± 0.15 (n=10)	1.78 ± 0.12 (n=35)
Moderate (500–900 mg/day)	1.98 ± 0.18 (n=80)	1.89 ± 0.15 (n=70)	1.88 ± 0.11 (n=42)	1.83 ± 0.08 (n=60)
High (> 900 mg/day)	1.93 ± 0.15 (n=8)	1.83 ±0.17 (n=9)	1.86 ± 0.14 (n=8)	1.81 ± 0.11 (n=9)
Smokes daily **
No	2.1 ± 0.14 (n=90)	1.85 ± 0.13 (n=84)	1.95 ± 0.17 (n=55)	1.75 ± 0.17 (n=98)
Yes	1.79 ± 0.13 (n=10)	1.68 ± 0.15 (n=2)	1.82 ± 0.13 (n=5)	1.63 ± 0.14 (n=6)
Physical activity level
Low (< 600 MET – min/week)	1.9 ± 0.15 (n=10)	1.76 ± 0.15 (n=6)	1.7 ± 0.11 (n=10)	1.5 ± 0.12 (n=12)
Moderate (≥ 600 MET– min/week) **	2.99 ± 0.17 (n=75)	1.89 ± 0.12 (n=75)	1.90 ± 0.15 (n=35)	1.86 ± 0.15 (n=73)
High (≥ 3,000 MET – min/week) **	3.2 ± 0.19 (n=15)	1.95 ± 0.13 (n=5)	1.97 ± 0.10 (n=15)	1.92 ± 0.12 (n=19)

BMD: bone mineral density (g/cm²), *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.