Table 1. Clinical Characteristic and Laboratory and Echocardiographic Findings of Patients in the Different IMR Groups.
| Total (n=113) | Low IMR (n=38) | Mid IMR (n=38) | High IMR (n=37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean±SD, yr | 56±11 | 51±9 | 57±11† | 61±10† | 0.031 |
| Male (%) | 95 (84.1) | 36 (94.7) | 31 (81.6) | 28 (75.7) | 0.069 |
| BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 24.87±2.61 | 25.24±2.36 | 24.38±2.77 | 24.98±2.68 | 0.343 |
| SBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 129±21 | 129±17 | 127±25 | 133±20 | 0.410 |
| DBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 82±14 | 83±12 | 78±16 | 84±12 | 0.083 |
| HR, mean±SD, beats/min | 75±15 | 75±12 | 78±17 | 72±15 | 0.212 |
| Door-to-balloon time, mean±SD, min | 73.9±29.4 | 65.7±14.6 | 74.8±19.8 | 82.0±44.6 | 0.068 |
| Symptom-onset-to-balloon time, mean±SD, min | 221.2±145.2 | 172.2±80.1 | 197.4±104.1* | 299.8±195.1* | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 50 (44.2) | 16 (42.1) | 15 (39.5) | 19 (51.4) | 0.555 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 28 (24.8) | 12 (31.6) | 8 (21.1) | 8 (21.6) | 0.503 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 31 (27.4) | 12 (31.6) | 9 (23.7) | 10 (27.0) | 0.741 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 80 (70.8) | 31 (81.6) | 25 (65.8) | 24 (64.9) | 0.199 |
| Medication history, n (%) | |||||
| CCB | 27 (23.9) | 8 (21.1) | 9 (23.7) | 10 (27.0) | 0.823 |
| ACEi or ARB | 15 (13.3) | 6 (15.8) | 7 (18.4) | 2 (5.4) | 0.212 |
| b-blocker | 4 (3.5) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (2.7) | 0.790 |
| Statin | 22 (19.5) | 8 (21.1) | 6 (15.8) | 8 (21.6) | 0.779 |
| CRP, mean±SD, mg/dL | 0.55±1.96 | 0.24±0.37 | 0.57±1.41 | 0.86±3.07 | 0.402 |
| HbA1c, mean±SD, % | 6.34±1.09 | 6.60±1.28 | 6.32±1.11 | 6.01±0.78 | 0.161 |
| Creatinine, mean±SD, mg/dL | 1.04±0.19 | 0.99±0.18 | 1.04±0.18 | 1.07±0.20 | 0.171 |
| Total cholesterol, mean±SD, mg/dL | 191.6±40.6 | 190.1±40.9 | 184.8±34.3 | 200.1±45.4 | 0.253 |
| Triglyceride, mean±SD, mg/dL | 130.3±91.9 | 156.1±59.9 | 106.2±70.3 | 129.3±86.1 | 0.062 |
| HDL-C, mean±SD, mg/dL | 42.0±9.2 | 39.9±8.9 | 42.9±8.6 | 43.1±9.9 | 0.239 |
| LDL-C, mean±SD, mg/dL | 117.4±38.4 | 119.7±45.3 | 115.0±28.9 | 117.6±40.4 | 0.868 |
| CK peak, mean±SD, IU/L | 2576±1999 | 1962±1642 | 2190±1593 | 3502±2310* | 0.003 |
| CK-MB peak, mean±SD, ng/mL | 247.6±212.4 | 191.3±157.2 | 218.9±177.6 | 327.9±262.9* | 0.024 |
| Troponin I peak, mean±SD, ng/mL | 75.8±79.9 | 48.9±60.1 | 77.9±76.9 | 107.1±94.9* | 0.043 |
| LVEF, % | 47.34±7.66 | 48.9±6.5 | 47.1±8.7 | 45.9±7.6 | 0.246 |
| E/e' | 10.65±2.95 | 9.62±2.12 | 9.74±2.44 | 10.65±2.95 | 0.161 |
| WMSI | 1.47±0.31 | 1.40±0.29 | 1.50±0.32 | 1.52±0.32 | 0.162 |
IMR, index of microcirculatory resistance; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEi, angiotensin angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; b-blocker, beta blocker; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase-myocardial band; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus; E/e', ratio of E velocity to e'; WMSI, wall motion score index.
*p<0.05 versus Low IMR by post hoc test by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Fisher's exact.