The effects of NaCl and KCl on the phenotype of chx23 mutants. (A) The germination of seeds from wild type and chx23 mutants. The pictures were taken 12 d after germination in MS agar plates without or with 75 mM NaCl. (B) Effects of NaCl on relative growth rate of wild type and chx23 mutant calli. Callus was generated from seedlings of the wild type and mutants, by incubation on callus-initiating medium containing MS salts, 2% sucrose, 3 mg/liter 2,4-D, 50 μg/liter and 0.8% agar for 2 weeks. (C) Effects of NaCl on relative growth rate of Arabidopsis calli. Calli were incubated in the corresponding medium for 24 d. Data are the means ± SD of three independent experiments with three replicates per experiment. (D) Wild-type and chx23 plants grown in MS medium or MS supplemented with 30 mM KCl or no MS salts supplemented with 5 mM KCl.