Mean (± SD) plasma concentration (ng ml–1)–time curves of total topotecan following oral administration. Groups A–E represent different groups with normal renal function, with limited previous platinum-based chemotherapy (group A) and with platinum-based chemotherapy (group B, Figure1A), or impaired renal function (group C: mild, group D: moderate and group E: severe, Figure1 B–D). Group A is depicted in all graphs as reference (normal renal function). Oral topotecan doses per group are indicated in mg m−2 day–1. n, number of patients. (A) Group A dose 2.3, n = 6; Group B dose 2.3, n = 12, (B) Group A dose 2.3, n = 6; Group C dose 1.9, n = 6; Group C dose 2.3, n = 13; (C) Group A dose 2.3, n = 6; Group D dose 1.2, n = 5; Group D dose 1.5, n = 6; Group D dose 1.8, n = 3; (D) Group A dose 2.3, n = 6; Group E dose 0.6, n = 5; Group E dose 0.8, n = 1; Group E dose 1.2, n = 2.