Table 4.

Association of increased blood manganese concentrations (BMC) with ASD status among children with different GSTP1 genotypes based on co-dominant and recessive genetic models using conditional logistic regression models. (200 children or 100 matched pairs)

Genetic Model	Higher BMC		Ref. BMC		Genotype (s)	Unadjusted			Adjusteda
						Match ed Odds Ratio	95% CI for MOR	P value	Matche d Odds Ratio	95% CI for MOR	P value
Co- dominant	BMC ≥ 12µg/L	v s.	BMC < 12µg/L	a t	GSTP1 (Ile/Ile)	3.9	(1.15, 13.26)	0.03	5.93	(1.06, 33.29)	0.04
	BMC ≥ 12µg/L	v s.	BMC < 12µg/L	a t	GSTP1 (Ile/ Val)	0.81	(0.31, 2.12)	0.66	1.15	(0.19, 6.82)	0.88
	BMC ≥ 12µg/L	v s.	BMC < 12µg/L	a t	GSTP1 (Val/Val)	0.35	(0.08, 1.52)	0.16	0.43	(0.06, 2.86)	0.38
Recessive	BMC ≥ 12µg/L	v s.	BMC < 12µg/L	a t	GSTP1 (Val/*)	0.62	(0.27, 1.34)	0.26	0.67	(0.19, 2.38)	0.54
	BMC ≥ 12µg/L	v s.	BMC < 12µg/L	a t	GSTP1 (Ile/Ile)	4.02	(1.19, 13.64)	0.03	5.92	(1.05, 33.32)	0.04

^aAdjusted for potential confounders including parental education, place of child’s birth (Kingston parish vs. other parishes), consumption of root vegetables (“yam, sweet potato, or dasheen”), salt water fish, and cakes/buns.

Note: All missing data are the same as those reported in the footnote of Tables 2 and 3.

P-values are unadjusted for multiple testing