Table 2.

Standardized β coefficients and random-effect parameters examining the longitudinal association between education and both healthy and pathologic cognitive aging, Health and Retirement Study 1996–2012

Parameters	β	SE	P
Time	−0.032	0.001	<.001
Acceleration	−0.023	0.001	<.001
Age at baseline	−0.200	0.012	<.001
Male	Reference
Female	−0.060	0.002	<.001
Years of education	0.092	0.002	<.001
Constant	−0.597	0.029	<.001
SD(healthy slope)	0.032	0.003
SD(pathologic slope)	0.061	0.005
SD(intercept)	0.509	0.007
Corr(pathologic, healthy slopes)	−0.002	0.166
Corr(healthy slope, intercept)	−0.166	0.051
Corr(pathologic slope, intercept)	0.006	0.048
SD(residual)	0.556	0.002
Survival model
Years of education	−0.024	0.008	.002
Male	Reference
Female	0.113	0.042	.015

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation.

Note. SD(x) provides an estimate of the standard deviation of x. Corr(x₁, x₂) provides correlation between random-effect estimates. Pseudo-R² is 0.233, P < .001.