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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 20.

Published in final edited form as: Metallomics. 2011 Jul 28;3(11):1181–1198. doi: 10.1039/c1mt00066g

Table 1.

Metal concentration ranges reported in smokeless tobacco (μg/g tobacco)

	Ghana¹⁹⁷	Canada¹⁹⁸	India^199–201	U.S.²⁰²	U.S.³¹	Artificial Saliva^a U.S.³¹	Phosphate ^a U.S.⁷⁰	DTPA, EDTA, or EDDHA^a ⁷⁰
Al	3006–5167
As	0.108–0.256	0.143–0.437	0.1–3.5		0.13–0.29
Ba	110–203				38–158	3.1–19 (3%–21%)
Be					0.010–0.038	<0.003–0.010 (21%–32%)
Cd	1.06–1.11	0.30–1.09	0.1–3.1	0.73–1.58	0.66–1.88	0.302–0.508 (21%–47%)	5%–15%	81%–109%
Co	0.056–0.201				0.26–1.22	0.171–0.739 (30%–65%)
Cr	0.95–1.41	0.71–2.19	5.25–21.9		0.86–3.20
Cu	18.5–27.7		9.02–61.5				24%–39%	23%–54%
Fe	2433–6982		354–3213
Hg	0.007–0.012		0.02–0.11
Mn	121–139
Ni		0.84–2.05	1.33–13.1		1.39–2.73	0.370–1.153 (30%–46%)	0%–2.5%	15%–64%
Pb		0.23–1.20	1.76–13	0.27–2.96	0.28–0.85	<0.13–0.153 (8%)

^a

Extractable metals from smokeless tobacco (μg/g tobacco). Empty Spaces represent no reported analysis for the respective analyte.