TABLE 5.

Summary Findings and Effect Size Estimates for ITSEA Outcomes at 12 Months Postpartum, for Participants With Substance Use at Baseline^a

Outcome	Intervention Group (N=145)	Control Group (N=140)	Analysis
ITSEA outcomes, mean scores (range 0–2)	Adjusted Mean	Adjusted Mean	Adjusted Mean Difference	95% CI	Effect Sizeb	p
Externalizing domain	0.62	0.74	−0.12	−0.20, −0.04	−0.26	0.004
Internalizing domain	0.58	0.65	−0.07	−0.16, 0.02	−0.14	0.11
Dysregulation domain	0.52	0.60	−0.08	−0.15, −0.02	−0.21	0.01
Competence domain	1.06	1.02	0.04	−0.04, 0.12	0.08	0.35
ITSEA outcomes, % clinically at risk	Estimated %c	Estimated %c	Odds Ratio	95% CI		p
Externalizing domain	13.12	22.40	2.15	1.01, 4.61		0.05
Internalizing domain	19.28	29.70	1.91	1.02, 3.60		0.04
Dysregulation domain	14.00	18.67	1.65	0.75, 3.63		0.21
Competence domain	21.27	16.88	0.77	0.40, 1.50		0.45

^aITSEA=Infant and Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Analyses adjusted for covariates, which included study site, use of alcohol during index pregnancy, lifetime use of cigarettes, and baseline Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score.

^bStandardized pairwise differences are defined as the average between treatment group difference in outcome scaled by the standard deviation of the outcome. Standardized differences represent treatment effect size estimates on the standard deviation scale of the outcome. Values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 are generally regarded as small, medium, and large, respectively (39).

^cPercentages are model-based estimates derived from imputed data.