TABLE 4.

Prevalence of Cardinium and Wolbachia detected in samples from Culicoides species based on conventional and quantitative PCR screening

Species	No. positive/total (% positive)a by:
	Conventional PCR				Quantitative PCR
	Cardinium		Wolbachia		Cardinium		Wolbachia
	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male
C. austropalpalis	0/63	0/32	0/63	0/32	7/63 (11)	3/32 (9)	1/63 (2)	0/32
C. narrabeenensis	0/14		0/14		1/14 (7)		3/14 (21)
C. marksi	0/50	0/24	0/50	0/24	8/50 (16)	0/24	1/50 (2)	0/24
C. parvimaculatus	0/20	0/20	0/20	0/20	8/20 (40)	2/20 (10)	4/20 (20)	0/20
C. dycei	0/5		0/5		2/5 (40)		0/5
C. williwilli	1/4 (25)	0/1	0/4	0/1	4/4 (100)	1/1 (100)	0/4	0/1
C. henryi	0/11		0/11		7/11 (64)		1/11 (9)
C. brevitarsis	1/22 (5)	0/9	0/22	0/9	6/22 (27)	1/9 (11)	5/22 (23)	0/9
C. imicola (Madagascar)	0/9	0/2	0/9	0/2	3/9 (33)	0/2	2/9 (22)	0/2
C. imicola (Kenya)	1/1 (100)				1/1 (100)
C. wadai	0/2	0/1	0/2	0/1	1/2 (50)	0/1	0/2	0/1
C. bundyensis	0/39	0/23	0/39	0/23	6/39 (15)	6/23 (26)	1/39 (3)	2/23 (9)
C. victoriae [172]	0/15	0/13	0/15	0/13	0/15	0/13	0/15	0/13
C. victoriae [245]	1/34 (3)	0/11	0/34	0/11	10/34 (29)	1/11 (9)	3/34 (9)	0/11
C. victoriae [241]	0/18	0/9	0/18	0/9	1/18 (5)	0/9	1/18 (6)	0/9
C. victoriae [240]	11/18 (61)	0/1	0/18	0/1	13/18 (72)	0/1	0/18	0/1
C. victoriae [true]	0/8	0/2	0/8	0/2	1/8 (12)	0/2	0/8	0/2
C. antennalis		0/12		0/12		8/12 (67)		6/12 (50)
Culicoides (Molestus group) species no. 2	0/2		0/2		1/2 (50)		0/2
C. marmoratus	0/6		0/6		6/6 (100)		1/6 (17)
C. multimaculatus	0/19		0/19		6/19 (31)		0/19
Total	14/360 (4)	0/160	0/359	0/160	92/360 (26)	22/160 (14)	23/359 (7)	8/160 (5)

^aBoldface indicates endosymbiont-positive results.