TABLE 5.
Morphological grouping of Culicoides species with Cardinium and Wolbachia detections by qPCR
| Subgenus | Complex or group | Species | No. positive/total (% positive)a |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cardinium |
Wolbachia |
Dual infectedb |
||||||
| Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |||
| Avaritia | Boophagus complex | C. wadai | 1/2 (50) | 0/1 | 0/2 | 0/1 | ||
| Imicola complex | C. brevitarsis | 6/22 (27) | 1/9 (11) | 5/22 (23) | 0/9 | 4/22 (18) | ||
| C. imicola (Madagascar) | 3/9 (33) | 0/2 | 2/9 (22) | 0/2 | 1/9 (11) | |||
| C. imicola (Kenya) | 1/1 (100) | |||||||
| Marksomyia | Marksi group | C. dycei | 2/5 (40) | 0/5 | ||||
| C. marksi | 8/50 (16) | 0/24 | 1/50 (2) | 0/24 | 1/50 (2) | |||
| C. parvimaculatus | 8/20 (40) | 2/20 (10) | 4/20 (20) | 0/20 | 4/20 (20) | |||
| Unplaced | Antennalis group | C. antennalis | 8/12 (67) | 6/12 (50) | 5/12 (42) | |||
| Ornatus group | C. marmoratus | 6/6 (100) | 1/6 (17) | 1/6 (16) | ||||
| Williwilli group | C. austropalpalis | 7/63 (11) | 3/32 (9) | 1/63 (2) | 0/32 | 1/63 (2) | ||
| C. narrabeenensis | 1/14 (7) | 3/14 (21) | 0/14 | |||||
| C. williwilli | 4/4 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 0/4 | 0/1 | ||||
| Victoriae group | C. bundyensis | 6/39 (15) | 6/23 (26) | 1/39 (3) | 2/23 (9) | 1/39 (3) | 2/23 (9) | |
| C. henryi | 7/11 (64) | 1/11 (9) | 0/11 | |||||
| C. multimaculatus | 6/19 (31) | 0/19 | ||||||
| C. victoriae [172] | 0/15 | 0/13 | 0/15 | 0/13 | ||||
| C. victoriae [241] | 1/18 (5) | 0/9 | 1/18 (6) | 0/9 | 0/18 | |||
| C. victoriae [240] | 13/18 (72) | 0/1 | 0/18 | 0/1 | ||||
| C. victoriae [245] | 10/34 (29) | 1/11 (9) | 3/34 (9) | 0/11 | 3/34 (9) | |||
| C. victoriae [true] | 1/8 (12) | 0/3 | 0/8 | 0/3 | ||||
a
Boldface indicates endosymbiont-positive results.
b
Culicoides species which tested positive for both Wolbachia and Cardinium by qPCR.