TABLE 1.
Efficacy of NA tested in in vitro tests for the inhibition of mycelial growth against several pathogens causing grapevine trunk diseases
| Natural antifungal (concn) | % growth inhibition (time point)a |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. dothidea (2 days) | D. seriata (2 days) | E. lata (7 days) | I. macrodidyma (7 days) | P. chlamydospora (12 days) | P. aleophilum (12 days) | P. viticola (7 days) | |
| HMW chitosan (1 mg/ml) | 24.2 B | 6.2 A | 64.4 B | 62.4 D | 9.5 AB | 60.0 D | 61.5 D |
| MMW chitosan (1 mg/ml) | 7.0 A | 14.8 B | 65.9 B | 50.0 B | 13.6 B | 65.0 DE | 47.1 C |
| LMW chitosan (1 mg/ml) | 88.4 F | 84.9 F | 73.3 C | 68.1 E | 25.8 C | 67.5 E | 90.7 FG |
| Chitosan oligosaccharide (1 mg/ml) | 100 G | 100 H | 100 F | 100 G | 100 F | 100 G | 100 I |
| Evernia prunastri lichen extract (4%) | 86.7 F | 71.1 D | 53.3 A | 56.4 C | 80.3 DE | 41.0 C | 88.4 F |
| Garlic extract (4%) | 89.8 F | 96.0 G | 74.4 C | 92.6 F | 100 F | 100 G | 92.4 GH |
| Green coffee extract (4%) | 10.2 A | 22.7 C | 0.0 A | 16.1 A | 5.4 A | 26.0 B | 36.3 B |
| Lemon peel extract (4%) | 71.4 D | 72.0 D | 73.3 C | 66.4 DE | 76.2 D | 16.0 A | 30.7 A |
| Propolis (1 mg/ml) | 82.1 E | 73.6 DE | 77.6 D | 65.4 DE | 80.3 DE | 87.5 F | 93.7 H |
| Vanillin (1 mg/ml) | 61.9 C | 75.3 E | 81.1 E | 55.7 C | 86.4 E | 91.0 F | 66.0 E |
a
Data shown correspond to three different experiments performed in triplicate after the indicated number of days of growth. Means in each column followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (P = 0.05).