Table 1.
Characteristics of participant mothers at pregnancy OGTT and of their offspring at birth and at 5–7 years of age at follow-up
| Follow-up status |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 1,320) | No (n = 284) | ||
| Maternal | |||
| Age at pregnancy OGTT (years) | 30.0 (5.4) | 28.3 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Primiparous | 658 (49.8%) | 132 (46.6%) | 0.33 |
| BMI at pregnancy OGTT (kg/m2) | 28.1 (4.4) | 29.0 (5.5) | 0.02 |
| BMI category at pregnancy OGTT | |||
| <28.5 kg/m2 | 809 (61.3%) | 154 (54.4%) | 0.007 |
| 28.5–32.9 kg/m2 | 345 (26.2%) | 74 (26.2%) | |
| ≥33 kg/m2 | 165 (12.5%) | 55 (19.4%) | |
| Education (years) | 15.0 (2.8) | 14.1 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Pregnancy OGTT glucose | |||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.6 (0.3) | 0.39 |
| 1-h PG (mmol/L) | 7.4 (1.6) | 7.4 (1.6) | 0.42 |
| 2-h PG (mmol/L) | 6.0 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.2) | 0.58 |
| AUC PG (mmol/L/h) | 12.8 (2.0) | 12.7 (2.1) | 0.68 |
| Smoked cigarettes during pregnancy | 280 (21.2%) | 105 (37.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drank alcohol during pregnancy | 359 (27.2%) | 71 (25.1%) | 0.47 |
| Married or cohabiting during pregnancy | 1,127 (85.4%) | 223 (78.8%) | 0.006 |
| Offspring | |||
| Female sex | 639 (48.4%) | 134 (47.3%) | 0.75 |
| Birth weight z score | −0.11 (0.96) | −0.18 (0.98) | 0.28 |
| LGA | 99 (7.5%) | 19 (6.8%) | 0.67 |
| Neonatal sum of skinfolds | 12.3 (10.8, 14.1) | 12.2 (10.7, 14.1) | 0.66 |
| Cord C-peptide concentration (μg/L) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.20) | 0.24 |
| Age at follow-up (years) | 6.3 (0.5) | ||
| Age range (years) | 5.2–7.7 | ||
| BMI at follow-up (kg/m2)† | 16.4 (1.9) | ||
| BMI z score at follow-up | 0.43 (1.01) | ||
| BMI z score category | |||
| ≥85th percentile | 318 (24.1%) | ||
| ≥95th percentile | 143 (10.9%) | ||
| ≥99th percentile | 62 (4.7%) | ||
| Sum of skinfolds at follow-up (mm)‡ | 23.5 (range 18.6–28.2) | ||
Data represent the mean (SD) or the geometric mean (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated.
†BMI available in 1,317 offspring.
‡Sum of skinfolds available in 1,311 offspring.