Table 1.
Bivariate differences for demographic, gambling characteristics, psychiatric, personality, impulsiveness, and gambling motivation variables by co-occurring mood disorder status
| Variable | No current mood disorder n = 121 | Current mood disorder n = 29 | χ2 (df = 1) or t (df = 148) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, women, n (%) | 54 (44.6) | 21 (72.4) | χ2 = 7.22 | 0.007 |
| Recruitment status | χ2 = 5.24 | 0.02 | ||
| Community, n (%) | 56.2 (68) | 79.3 (23) | ||
| Student, n (%) | 43.8 (53) | 20.7 (6) | ||
| Age, years | 34.5 (15.6) | 43.6 (12.9) | t = 2.36 | 0.004 |
| Lifetime gambling severity (NODS) | 7.3 (1.9) | 8.8 (1.1) | t = 4.20 | <0.001 |
| Past-year gambling severity (NODS) | 5.7 (2.6) | 7.5 (2.2) | t = 3.47 | 0.001 |
| Gambling-related suicidal ideation or attempt, n (%) | 10 (8.3) | 11 (37.9) | χ2 = 17.10 | <0.001 |
| Current interest in problem gambling treatment, n (%) | 25 (20.7) | 11 (37.9) | χ2 = 3.83 | 0.05 |
| Lifetime psychiatric comorbidities | ||||
| Anxiety disorder | 10.4 (23) | 34.5 (10) | χ2 = 3.26 | 0.07 |
| SUD | 67.8 (82) | 82.8 (24) | χ2 = 2.54 | 0.11 |
| AUD | 58.9 (71) | 65.5 (19) | χ2 = 0.46 | 0.50 |
| Current psychiatric comorbidities | ||||
| Anxiety disorder | 15.7 (19) | 34.5 (10) | χ2 = 5.29 | 0.02 |
| SUD | 22.3 (27) | 34.5 (10) | χ2 = 1.86 | 0.17 |
| AUD | 17.4 (21) | 27.6 (8) | χ2 = 1.57 | 0.21 |
| Personality (MPQ) | ||||
| Well-being | 15.8 (5.8) | 7.3 (5.1) | t = 7.31 | <0.001 |
| Social potency | 13.1 (5.7) | 10.9 (5.1) | t = 1.85 | 0.07 |
| Achievement | 12.2 (4.5) | 11.1 (4.6) | t = 1.20 | 0.23 |
| Social closeness | 13.0 (4.7) | 7.7 (4.2) | t = 5.47 | <0.001 |
| Stress reaction | 12.3 (6.4) | 17.7 (4.5) | t = 4.23 | <0.001 |
| Aggression | 6.4 (4.5) | 6.7 (4.2) | t = 0.38 | 0.71 |
| Alienation | 6.9 (4.8) | 12.1 (5.4) | t = 5.14 | <0.001 |
| Control | 13.9 (5.3) | 11.3 (5.9) | t = 2.30 | 0.02 |
| Harm avoidance | 16.6 (5.7) | 16.4 (3.9) | t = 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Traditionalism | 16.8 (4.4) | 17.4 (2.9) | t = 0.74 | 0.46 |
| Absorption | 16.5 (7.5) | 16.6 (6.7) | t = 0.04 | 0.97 |
| Impulsiveness (UPPS) | ||||
| Urgency | 7.4 (3.7) | 9.9 (2.1) | t = 3.51 | 0.001 |
| Lack of perseverance | 3.1 (2.7) | 4.2 (3.1) | t = 1.88 | 0.06 |
| Lack of premeditation | 3.4 (3.4) | 4.9 (3.6) | t = 2.16 | 0.03 |
| Sensation seeking | 7.6 (3.4) | 5.4 (3.4) | t = 3.24 | 0.001 |
| Gambling motives (GMQ) | ||||
| Social | 10.5 (3.6) | 9.9 (3.2) | t = 0.79 | 0.43 |
| Coping | 10.8 (4.0) | 13.8 (4.8) | t = 3.47 | 0.001 |
| Enhancement | 14.5 (3.8) | 14.0 (4.5) | t = 0.67 | 0.51 |
All values reported are means and standard deviations unless otherwise noted.
AUD = alcohol use disorder; GMQ = Gambling Motives Questionnaire; MPQ = Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; NODS = National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems; SUD = substance use disorder; UPPS = Urgency, (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, Sensation Seeking