Cochallenges of mice with E. coli CFT073, pap mutant and complemented mutant. (A) Cochallenges of mice with E. coli CFT073 and pap operon mutant UPEC76. A total of 20 mice were transurethrally inoculated with a 1:1 mixture of the wide-type and mutant strains. After 48 h, the mice were sacrificed and urine, bladder and kidneys were collected. Each data point represents the CFU per milliliter of urine or per gram of tissue collected, and a solid line indicates the median. Paired results from individual mice are connected. pWSK29 acts as the empty vector. (B) Cochallenges of mice with E. coli CFT073 and pap operon mutant UPEC76 transformed with pXLW34 encoding for papIAHCDJKEFG–2. A total of 20 mice were transurethrally inoculated with a 1:1 mixture of the wide-type and mutant strains. The mice were sacrificed after 48 h, and urine, bladder and kidneys were collected. Each data point represents the CFU per milliliter of urine or per gram of tissue collected, and a solid line indicates the median. Paired results from individual mice are connected.