Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios of Trying to Quit by Follow-Up
| Unadjusted (n = 2,252) | Adjusteda (n = 2,058) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
| Read HWL inserts | |||||
| Not at all | 33 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Once | 50 | 1.42* | (1.08–1.86) | 1.23 | (0.86–1.75) |
| Few times/often/very often | 59 | 1.89*** | (1.50–2.39) | 1.57** | (1.16–2.11) |
| Age | |||||
| 18–24 | 53 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 25–34 | 53 | 0.94 | (0.65–1.35) | 1.02 | (0.64–1.61) |
| 35–44 | 41 | 0.63* | (0.42–0.92) | 0.75 | (0.47–1.21) |
| 45–54 | 35 | 0.51** | (0.34–0.74) | 0.71 | (0.44–1.14) |
| 55–64 | 33 | 0.45*** | (0.30–0.66) | 0.66 | (0.41–1.05) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 42 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Female | 40 | 0.88 | (0.71–1.09) | 0.88 | (0.70–1.10) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 39 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Non-White | 50 | 1.49** | (1.14–1.95) | 0.98 | (0.72–1.34) |
| Education | |||||
| High school or less | 37 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| College or some university | 37 | 1.08 | (0.85–1.36) | 1.00 | (0.77–1.30) |
| Completed university+ | 52 | 1.72*** | (1.30–2.30) | 1.43* | (1.05–1.96) |
| Income | |||||
| $29,999 or less | 36 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| $30,000–59,999 | 41 | 1.18 | (0.92–1.52) | 1.07 | (0.81–1.41) |
| $60,000 or more | 42 | 1.24 | (0.97–1.59) | 0.89 | (0.67–1.16) |
| Heaviness of smoke index | 0.84*** | (0.79–0.89) | 0.98 | (0.90–1.06) | |
| Cigarette consumption | |||||
| Nondaily | 62 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Daily | 35 | 0.45*** | (0.36–0.57) | 0.53*** | (0.37–0.75) |
| Quit intention | |||||
| No | 24 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Yes | 61 | 2.91*** | (2.38–3.56) | 2.21*** | (1.75–2.80) |
| Prior quit attempt | |||||
| No | 20 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Yes | 72 | 7.69*** | (6.14–9.64) | 4.81*** | (3.72–6.22) |
| Wave | |||||
| 1 | 42 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 2 | 42 | 1.05 | (0.88–1.25) | 1.07 | (0.74–1.56) |
| 3 | 39 | 0.98 | (0.80–1.19) | 0.92 | (0.64–1.33) |
| 4 | 41 | 1.05 | (0.86–1.28) | 1.07 | (0.74–1.54) |
| Time in sample | |||||
| 2 waves | 39 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 3 waves | 42 | 1.11 | (0.96–1.28) | 1.15 | (0.83–1.57) |
| 4 waves | 41 | 1.04 | (0.86–1.26) | 1.19 | (0.83–1.73) |
| 5 waves | 45 | 1.11 | (0.88–1.40) | 1.13 | (0.71–1.78) |
| Cognitive response to HWLs | |||||
| Low | 28 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Moderate | 34 | 1.28* | (1.02–1.62) | 0.86 | (0.64–1.15) |
| High | 57 | 2.36*** | (1.89–2.95) | 1.47** | (1.13–1.92) |
| Self efficacy to quit | |||||
| Low/moderate | 36 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| High | 50 | 1.52*** | (1.27–1.81) | 1.11 | (0.87–1.43) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; HWL = health warning label; OR = odds ratio.
aAdjusted model adjusts for all variables shown in the table.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.