Table 1.
Distribution of Candidate Variables for Overall Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Cohort and by Infective Endocarditis Status
| Variable | Overall | IE | No IE | Univariate Association Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) [P Value] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Variables | N = 678 | N = 85 | N = 593 | |
| Age at baseline (yr) | 64.8 ± 15.7 | 64.6 ± 17.9 | 64.9 ± 15.4 | 0.99 (.86, 1.14) [.879] |
| Male gender | 442 (65%) | 59 (69%) | 383 (65%) | 1.24 (.76, 2.03) [.383] |
| White ethnicity | 648 (96%) | 81 (95%) | 567 (96%) | 0.93 (.32, 2.73) [.893] |
| Onset of SAB | ||||
| Community | 166 (24%) | 36 (42%) | 130 (22%) | 2.34 (1.43, 3.83) |
| Healthcare | 378 (56%) | 40 (47%) | 338 (57%) | 1.0 (ref) [F test P < .001] |
| Nosocomial | 134 (20%) | 9 (11%) | 125 (21%) | 0.61 (.29, 1.29) |
| Duration of symptoms (d) | ||||
| 0 | 292 (43%) | 32 (38%) | 260 (44%) | 1.0 (ref) [F test P = .383] |
| 1–3 | 210 (31%) | 26 (31%) | 184 (31%) | 1.15 (.66, 1.99) |
| >3 | 176 (26%) | 27 (32%) | 149 (25%) | 1.47 (.85, 2.55) |
| Hypotension at presentation | 133 (20%) | 22 (26%) | 111 (19%) | 1.52 (.89, 2.57) [.122] |
| Diabetes mellitus | 250 (37%) | 33 (39%) | 217 (37%) | 1.10 (.69, 1.75) [.690] |
| Hemodialysis dependent | 80 (12%) | 14 (16%) | 66 (11%) | 1.57 (.84, 2.95) [.156] |
| Central intravenous catheter prior to SAB | 171 (25%) | 16 (19%) | 155 (26%) | 0.66 (.37, 1.16) [.149] |
| Prosthetic joint | 99 (15%) | 17 (20%) | 82 (14%) | 1.56 (.87, 2.78) [.134] |
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | ||||
| Neither | 594 (88%) | 55 (65%) | 539 (91%) | 1.0 (ref) [F test P < .001] |
| Permanent pacemaker | 49 (7%) | 20 (24%) | 29 (5%) | 6.76 (3.59, 12.74) |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 35 (5%) | 10 (12%) | 25 (4%) | 3.92 (1.79, 8.59) |
| Prosthetic valve | 43 (6%) | 13 (15%) | 30 (5%) | 3.39 (1.69, 6.79) [<.001] |
| Prosthetic vascular graft | 41 (6%) | 5 (6%) | 36 (6%) | 0.97 (.37, 2.54) [.946] |
| Chronic Immunosuppressive therapy | 158 (23%) | 8 (9%) | 150 (25%) | 0.31 (.14, .65) [.002] |
| Intravenous drug use | 15 (2%) | 5 (6%) | 10 (2%) | 3.64 (1.21, 10.93) [.021] |
| Recent Staphylococcus aureus infections | 34 (5%) | 9 (11%) | 25 (4%) | 2.69 (1.21, 5.98) [.015] |
| Deep-seated abscesses | 165 (24%) | 12 (14%) | 153 (26%) | 0.47 (.25, .89) [.021] |
| Skin/skin structure infection | 185 (27%) | 13 (15%) | 172 (29%) | 0.44 (.24, .82) [.009] |
| Antibiotic duration (d)a | (N = 632) | 28.0 (14.0, 42.0) | 28.0 (14.0, 42.0) | 42.0 (42.0, 42.0) |
| Underwent TEE within 12 wk | 482 (71%) | 83/85 (98%) | 399 / 593 (67%) | |
| Time to first TEE (d)a | (N = 482) | 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) |
| Cases that underwent TEE within first 5 d | 351 (52%) | 293 / 593 (49%) | 58 / 85 (68%) | |
| Timing of first TEE among those tested (d) | (N = 482) | |||
| ≤5 | 351 (73%) | 293 / 399 (73%) | 58 / 83 (70%) | |
| >5 | 131 (27%) | 106 / 399 (27%) | 25 / 83 (30%) | |
| Day 5 Variable | (N = 662) | N = 83 | N = 579 | |
| Prolonged bacteremia (≥72 h) | 323 (49%) | 68 (82%) | 255 (44%) | 5.76 (3.22, 10.32) [<.001] |
Effects for all variables tested in univariable logistic regression models.
Abbreviations: IE, infective endocarditis; SAB, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; TEE, transesophageal echocardiogram.
a Median (interquartile range).