Table 1.

Causes of chyluria

Parasitic causes
Filarial	Bancroftian and non-Brancroftian filariasis
Non-filarial	Ascariasis, malaria, Echinococcus, Cysticercus cellulose, Cercorrenas hominis, Tinea vera
Non-parasitic causes
Congenital	Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, congenital retroperitoneal lymphangiectasis, congenital lymphatic fistulas
Iatrogenic	Postnephrectomy, post-PCNL, post-traumatic, postcardiac catheterisation
Infections	Tuberculosis
Medical	Nephrotic syndrome, hypertriglyceridaemia
Neoplastic	Malignancies of the retroperitoneum, lymphangiomyomatosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, renal angiomyolipoma

PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy.