Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample
| Group; mean ± SD or no. | ||
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Characteristic | ADHD, n = 101 | Control, n = 96 |
| Sex, male:female | 38:63 | 41:55 |
| Age, yr | 35.83 ± 11.16 | 36.17 ± 11.17 |
| IQ estimate* | 108.08 ± 14.92 | 109.68 ± 15.34 |
| Inattentive symptoms† | 6.38 ± 2.04¶ | 0.55 ± 0.993¶ |
| Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms† | 5.56 ± 2.24¶ | 0.79 ± 1.21¶ |
| No. of errors | 27.8 ± 20.08¶ | 16.94 ± 11.26¶ |
| Medication-naive | 16 | — |
| Current medication | ||
| Amphetamine | 10 | — |
| Methylphenidate | 56 | — |
| Non-stimulant | 3 | — |
| Past treatment | 16 | — |
| ≥ 1 depressive episode (remitted)‡ | 44 | 9 |
| Anxiety disorder (remitted)‡ | 23 | 5 |
| Substance abuse (remitted)‡ | 18 | 7 |
| Borderline personality disorder‡ | 9 | 0 |
| Antisocial‡ | 3 | 0 |
| Right-handed | 85 | 86 |
| DTI acquisition protocol 1§ | 64 | 73 |
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; SD = standard deviation.
*
Scores represent the average of the standard scores for the block design and vocabulary assessments of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III.
†
As measured using the ADHD-DSM-IV self rating scale.
‡
As measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for axis I and axis II disorders.
§
First version of DTI acquisition protocol.
¶
Significant difference between patients with ADHD and controls.