Fig. 1. Prevalence of cardiac defects with KS in our series, the literature, and normal populations. (A) In our series, all patients with KS had left-sided heart anomalies. (B) In the literature, 49% of KS patients had isolated septal defects, and 34% had left-sided heart anomalies. (C, D) In the normal populations from Atlanta (USA) and Jeju (Korea), left-sided heart anomalies were found in 9.5% and 3.4% of the population, respectively. The red line indicates the percentage of patients with left-sided heart anomalies in each group. KS, Kabuki syndrome; AS/MS, aortic stenosis/mitral stenosis; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; CoA, coarctation of the aorta; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.
