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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Cell Biol. 2009 Sep 8;87(7):512–513. doi: 10.1038/icb.2009.66

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A new pathway for memory B-cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Multiple amplification pathways (shown in gray) are activated in SLE. Doreau et al.3 describe a novel NF-κB-dependent pathway (shown in blue) by which circulating cytokines released from inflamed organs induce differentiation of memory B cells to plasma cells thus perpetuating the autoimmune response. IFN-α, interferon-α; IL, interleukin; mDC, myeloid dendritic cell; pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells; TLRs, toll-like receptors.