TABLE 1.
Effect on Cytokine Profile With Clodronate Pre-treatment in Injured Mice After LC
| Group | 0 h | 5 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | Saline | 3.15 ± 0.56 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 4.85 ± 1.18 | 8.93 ± 1.47 | 8.30 ± 2.71 | 6.14 ± 1.23 | 3.94 ± 2.96 | |
| Clodronate | 55.23 ± 15.51***### | 51.65 ± 12.9**## | 20.73 ± 16.7 | 5.08 ± 1.78 | 3.35 ± 1.89 | |
| IL-6 | Saline | 4.15 ± 1.29 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 8.59 ± 2.93 | 28.76 ± 9.81 | 8.29 ± 2.31 | 14.69 ± 4.53 | 15.77 ± 7.76 | |
| Clodronate | 80.45 ± 21.79***### | 109.0 ± 21.18***### | 14.7 ± 0.66 | 10.41 ± 2.85 | 11.18 ± 3.05 | |
| MCP-1 | Saline | 3.08 ± 1.72 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 6.45 ± 1.32 | 47.7 ± 16.09 | 38.76 ± 11.46 | 6.74 ± 2.05 | 14.76 ± 12.76 | |
| Clodronate | 57.84 ± 3.81*## | 64.87 ± 15.68* | 80.59 ± 8.53*** | 61.18 ± 15.25**### | 39.19 ± 6.21 | |
| MIP-2 | Saline | 5.12 ± 2.0 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 8.65 ± 2.27 | 42.64 ± 27.38 | 9.24 ± 7.87 | 48.25 ± 33.85 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | |
| Clodronate | 126.2 ± 36.14*## | 192.31 ± 32.98***### | 36.65 ± 18.51 | 15.26 ± 6.55 | 22.0 ± 17.9 | |
| KC | Saline | 4.0 ± 2.0 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 4.32 ± 3.44 | 35.72 ± 17.34 | 13.23 ± 6.12 | 19.6 ± 7.57 | 32.0 ± 27.08 | |
| Clodronate | 104.4 ± 26.2***### | 84.1 ± 13.71**# | 20.25 ± 7.75 | 9.29 ± 2.52 | 8.38 ± 2.66 | |
| Tumor necrosis factor α | Saline | 5.92 ± 4.42 | ||||
| Liposome + LC | 8.56 ± 4.19 | 6.31 ± 1.33 | 30.78 ± 18.62 | 19.43 ± 5.35 | 30.84 ± 26.19 | |
| Clodronate | 57.19 ± 21.33# | 48.96 ± 23.41 | 15.28 ± 6.55 | 18.47 ± 4.74 | 11.61 ± 0.61 |
Several pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated when compared to baseline prior to lung contusion in clodronate pre-treated animals. These levels drop as macrophages numbers increased in later time points. MCP-1 remained persistently high at all time points. One-way ANOVA vs. Un-injured control (n=9; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). One-way ANOVA vs. liposome (n=9, # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001).